SOMOS PRIMOS: Dedicated to Hispanic Heritage and Diversity IssuesJuly 2002
Editor: Mimi Lozano, mimilozano@aol.com
Dedicated to Hispanic Heritage and Diversity Issues
Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research © 2000-02
http://members.aol.com/shhar
714-894-8161
Content Areas
United States
Surname: Cortez
Orange County, CA
Los Angeles, CA
California
Northwestern U.S.
Southwestern U.S.
Black
Indigenous
Texas
East of the Mississippi
East Coast
Mexico
Caribbean/Cuba
International
History
Miscellaneous
2002 Index
Community Calendars
Networking
Meetings END
September 21, 2002
"Adopt a Community"
Dr. Hernandez,
Director of the Presidential Office for Mexican Abroad.
On May 23, Dr. Juan Hernandez, top aide to Mexican President Vicente Fox spoke to a roomful of Mexican-American business owners and executives in Orange County. The focus of the meeting was to promote awareness of the Adopt a Community Project.. The goal of the Adopt a Community project is to connect needy communities in Mexico with U.S. businesses in the development of programs, ranging from basic necessities to major ventures such as hospitals. The main purpose is to support the development of regions by creating jobs, giving the migrants a reason to stay at home.
The Mexican government will match any fiscal contribution on three levels of responsibility, federal, state, and municipal, multiplying the donation on a three to one basis. Ninety (90) communities have been identified as the towns and villages that show the highest poverty and rates of migration. For a listing of the ninety communities, click here.
For more information, contact: migrantes@presidencia.gob.mx
Our dealings with Mexico impact on the lives of
millions of Americans.
Our common border is no longer a line that divides us,
but a region that unites our nations reflecting
our common aspirations, values and culture.
Colin Powell, Secretary of State
Somos Primos Staff
Mimi Lozano, Editor
John P. Schmal,
Historian & Genealogist
Johanna de Soto,
Internet Surfer & Genealogist
Contributors & Sources:
Edward Allegretti
Connie Anderson
Fredrick Aguirre
Miguel Bedolla
Greg Bloom
Carmen Boone Aguilar
Bob Borges
Danielle Brown
Gloria Candelaria
Bill Carmena
Marissa Martinez
Peter Carr
Ed Flores
Anthony Garcia
George Gause
Eddie Grijalva
Jorge Hernandez
Serg Hernandez
Zeke Hernandez
Dr. Granville Hough
N.C. Hough
Beecher Hunter
Alex King
Cathy Madden Trindle
Johnny Marichalar Sanchez
Mercedes Marquesa
Dr. W. Michael Mathes
Ben Mendez
Donie Nelson
Inocencio Noyola
Gloria Oliver
Guillermo Padilla Origel
Rob Rios
Angel Seguin Garcia
Howard Shorr
Mira Smithwick
Arturo Villegas Ynclan
Carlos Yturralde
SHHAR Board Members: Laura Arechabala Shane, Bea Armenta Dever, Diane Burton Godinez,
Peter Carr, Gloria Cortinas Oliver, Mimi Lozano Holtzman, Carlos Olvera
UNITED STATES
Hatch/Durbin Dream Act, S.1291
La Universidad Hispana in Utah
Cal State Fullerton Leads in Hispanic Graduates
Wiliolfo Gonzalez, Top ROTC Cadet
BYU Finding Your Ancestors free Online Course
AOL Genealogy Forum or Hispanic Messages
National Genealogy Conference in Ontario
U.S. Veterans History Project
$30 Million to Mexican Libraries from Bill Gates
League of United Latin American Citizens Prayer
Hispanic Assimilation
Book Julian Nava: My Mexican-American Journey
New Video on Immigrant Realities and Struggles
Smithsonian Latino Virtual Gallery
1930 Census Microfilm Locator
Passport Information
Women and Naturalization
Immigration Growth at highest rate in 150 Years
Book Mexican-American Genealogical Research
Mexican guest workers seek back pay
Hispanic magazine Online
Senator Orrin Hatch's Dream Act, House Bill 1403
Becames Hatch/Durbin Development, Relief, & Education for Alien Minors (DREAM Act), S. 1291
June 20th, the DREAM Act Senate Judiciary S.1291 was passed with bi-partisan support. The act would provide permanent immigration relief to undocumented youth of good moral character who have spent five years or more in the United States, who have graduated from a U.S. high school or received a GED, and who are at least 12 years old on the date of enactment. Additionally, the DREAM Act also repeals a provision of federal law that complicates a state's ability to determine their in-state tuition structures free from federal interference.
In essence, the DREAM Act would allow states to open advanced educational opportunities to all hardworking, diligent students regardless of their immigration status.
Every year, approximately 65,000 undocumented students, most of whom have lived in the U.S. for five years or more, graduate from U.S high schools. Most were brought here at very young ages by their parents and played no part in the decision to enter and stay in the country illegally.
Courts have repeatedly prevented the actions of the parent from being held against the child and have required elementary and secondary public schools to educate undocumented children. Accordingly, almost all these students are reared and schooled to speak English and come
to identify strongly with the United States.
For many they have lived the American dream -- graduating as class valedictorians or receiving straight "A's", and others are recognized for their community involvement and leadership. Yet, under current law, their lives are filled with uncertainty and hold little future so long as they cannot legalize their immigration status nor afford to go off to college. The DREAM Act would fulfill the dreams of
these deserving students.
Last year, Senators Orrin Hatch (R-UT) and Richard Durbin (D-IL) introduced separate versions of student adjustment legislation, and were willing to merge their proposals in a bipartisan effort. In addition to the new Hatch- Durbin proposal in the Senate, several bills have been introduced in the House. The newly combined, bipartisan bill - the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act), S. 1291.
One is similar to the Hatch-Durbin proposal. Representative Chris Cannon (R-UT) introduced H.R. 1918, cosponsored by Representatives Howard Berman (D-CA) and Lucille Roybal-Allard (D-CA). Like the DREAM Act, H.R. 1918 would legalize the status of students present in the U.S. for five or more years, enrolled in 7th grade, and under 21 years of age. Accordingly, support for the Hatch-Durbin proposal is key to seeing a student adjustment act signed into law during the
107th Congress. Sent by Zeke Hernandez Zekeher@juno.com
La Universidad Hispana in Utah http://www.harktheherald.com/article.php?sid=50882
Extract from article by Julia Swinton, The Daily Herald, pg A2 6- 13-02
The university's first general meeting with staff, administration and community members was June 14. Arturo De Hoyos, founder came to BYU as a freshman 55 years ago.
"I've been working with this idea for a long time. It's a new, pioneering idea. There's a lot of enthusiasm for this," said De Hoyos, a native of Mexico. De Hoyos said the mission of the bilingual four-year college is to educate Hispanics who, though living in the U.S., are not fluent enough in the English language to be admitted to regular colleges.
Students will learn in their specific field of study -- such as accounting, sociology, business management and English -- as they learn English. Associate degrees will also be offered in nursing, secretary/clerical, accounting and management.
De Hoyos received a master's degree from BYU and a doctorate from Michigan State University. He taught sociology at BYU for 23 years. He became a mission president in Baja, Calif., and Mexico for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1990 upon retiring from BYU.
There are about 200,000 Hispanics in Utah and 35 million in the United States. "It's the largest minority in the United States," he said. "When you become educated, you integrate in society better. Then they (Hispanics) feel they can contribute something because they have an education," he said.
Upon recognizing the need for college-age youth in Latin America to get an education, De Hoyos organized the first Cumorah Academy in Tijuana, Mexico, in 1994. The school serves the Mexican and Latin American LDS college-age youth.
Now more Cumorah schools have been organized, throughout Mexico and in Utah. De Hoyos said the schools have prepared hundreds of returned-missionaries, and many other adults, to take the required exams and get their high school equivalent diploma.
De Hoyos said more than 100 students have reserved a spot for the Hispanic university, despite not having a location for the university or a definite opening date.
Julia Swinton can be reached at 344-2558 or jswinton@heraldexta.com
The California State University System is a Leader in Serving Hispanics
Cal State Fullerton is Ranked 9th in the Nation for Awarding Degrees to Hispanics
Cal State Fullerton ranked as:
2nd for undergraduate degrees in communications
5th for public administration
6th in area studies
7th in criminal justice
8th in foreign languages
10th for business degrees
Seventeen Cal State University campuses are among the top 100 institutions to award undergraduate degrees to Hispanics.
Wiliolfo Gonzalez, Top ROTC Cadet at Cal State Fullerton
June 1st, Wiliolfo Gonzalez attended two graduation ceremonies. In the first ceremony, Gonzalez - in cap and gown - receivefd a bachelor's degree in physics. In the second, at the Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library, Gonzales - uniform - was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army, along with 10 other cadets in the university's ROTC program.
"Gonzales is our number-one cadet. He was picked because he has the right blend of intelligence, physical fitness and leadership ability," said Major Christian Taddeo, ROTC commander and professor of military science.
Dateline, Vol 1, Issue 18, May 23,2002 Sent by Dr. Granville Hough
BYU - - Free Finding Your Ancestors Online Course http://ce.byu.edu/is/famhist/secure/start.htm
[[ This is wonderful! Step by step user friendly but quite sophisticated. Do check it out!! ]]
AOL has now set up a message board for Hispanics which can be accessed whether you are being served by AOL or not. Give it a try, its free. Add your message.
http://www.genealogyforum.rootsweb.com/messages/genbbs.cgi/Hispanic
GENEALOGISTS WILL HOLD NATIONAL ANNUAL CONFERENCE IN ONTARIO CALIFORNIA.
From 07-10 August 2002, The Federation of Genealogical Societies (FGS) and The California State Genealogical Alliance (CSGA) Conference, will hold their annual conference in Ontario, CA. The topic this year is “California: A Goldmine of Diversity,” and is dedicated to celebrating and teaching the ethnic diversity everywhere, especially in California. Not since 1995 has California hosted a conference of this size.
The CSGA is composed of Genealogical and Historical Societies and individuals who are interested in furthering its goals of preserving records of historical significance, providing quality education opportunities for the genealogical community, and fostering communication among others with the same goals throughout the state of California. The FGS, whose mission is similar, is international.
Workshops will be given by the National Archives and Records Administration, and there will be ethnic presentations, such as Hispanic, Native-American, European, and African-American. In the exhibit hall attendees will have a chance to peruse the latest genealogical books, data CDs, software and other products as well as visit with representatives of major societies from around the world.
WHAT: FGS/CSGA 2002 Conference
WHERE: Ontario Convention Center, Ontario, CA
WHEN: 07-10 August 2002 (Early registrations encouraged)
Contacts: Cath Madden Trindle, Publicity Co-Chair, 650/366-5059, e-mail: catht@aol.com
U.S. Veterans History Project
Founded by a unanimous act of Congress in 2000, the project is attempting to rescue the stories of American veterans from World War I to the Persian Gulf. The estimate is that veterans are dying at a rate of 1,500 each day. Of the nearly 19,000,000 living American war veterans, only 600 interviews have been gathered.
The project , run by the Library of Congress's American Folklife Center and cosponsored by the American Association of Retired Persons, has now posted interview guidelines online, at:
http://www.loc.tgov/folklife/vets and are asking everyone from students to retirement-home residents to become interviewers. The project is collecting oral, video, and written histories.
Each story is unique. Jerry Brenner, 82, donated 1,261 letters that he and his wife wrote during his two years in World War II - 80 letters in the month of July 1944 alone. "They show the war from two different perspectives: a GI fighting in Europe and his young wife trying to get along on the home," he says.
U.S. News & World Report, 6-10-02, pg. 40
$30 Million to Mexican Libraries Donated by Gates Foundation
Bill and Melinda Gates have joined Mexican President and Mrs. Fox to announce $30 million commitment to provide computer and Internet access, staff training and technical support to approximately 1200 or 20 percent of public libraries across Mexico. The grant from the Bill
Melinda Gates Foundation builds on the international library work underway in Chile, and completed in Canada and the UK. In the United States, the foundation expects to give approximately 40,000 computers to nearly 11,000 libraries in all 50 states by the end of 2003.
The first stage of the grant to Mexico is a planning period, which McKinsey and Company in Mexico will facilitate for the National Council for Culture and Arts, the administrating agency for Mexico's libraries. This planning process will include an assessment, recommendations for needed resources, a completed grant application, and a detailed three-year implementation schedule. The plan scheduled to be complete in October 2002--will take into account sustaining the technology and maintaining technical assistance.
Library Hotline, June 3, 2002, Volume XXI, No.22 Sent by Rob Rios riosr@uci.edu
Prayer of the League of United Latin American Citizens, LULAC Sent by Judge Fredrick Aguirre
Almighty God, who has given us this good land for our heritage, we humbly beseech Thee that we may prove ourselves a people mindful of Thy favor and glad to do Thy will. Bless our land with honorable industry, sound learning and pure manners. Save us from violence, discord and confusion; from pride and arrogance, and from every evil way. Defend our liberties and fashion into one unite people the multitudes brought hither out of many kindred tongues. Imbue with the spirit of wisdom those to whom in Thy name we entrust the authority of government, that there may be justice and peace at home, and that, through obedience to Thy law, we may show forth Thy praise among the nations of the earth. In the time of prosperity fill our hearts with thankfulness; in the day of trouble suffer not our trust in Thee to fail; all of which we ask through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
As published in the League of Latin American Citizens brochures,
. . . . . . . . a prayer by George Washington
Hispanic Assimilation:
"Throughout U.S. History, assimilation was never about people of different racial, religious, and cultural backgrounds becoming homogeneous," said Gregory Rodriguez. "Instead, as pioneering sociologist Robert E. Park wrote in 1930, it is the process by which people of diverse backgrounds achieve a cultural solidarity sufficient to sustain a national existence."
The Washington Post study of 2,400 U.S. Hispanics found that by the second generation of U.S. born children of Latino immigrants, only one in ten relies mainly on Spanish to communicate.
By the third generation, intermarriage rates for Latinos are extremely high. Fully one-third of third-generation Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics. Hispanic, October 2000, pg. 32-34
Julian Nava: My Mexican-American Journey, [[Editor's note: The day after uploading the June issue of Somos Primos which included a surname article on Julian Nava, I received in the mail a copy of Julian Nava's autobiography, read it quickly and enjoyed it thoroughly.]]
Julian Nava: My Mexican-American Journey, chronicles the life of a dedicated Hispanic leader. It is the first of series of autobiographies of outstanding Hispanics to be published by Arte Público Press, specifically targeting young adults. Arte Público Press Release, for more information contact: Mónica M. Parle, mparle@uh.educ (713) 743-2999
With the same determination he had to succeed in life, Julian Nava presents his life story, Julian Nava: My Mexican-American Journey, with profound conviction to inspire and encourage young minds and readers of all ages. Julian Nava leads readers through the passages of his extraordinary life, turning over the stones that mark the way, to reveal himself as a man intent on making a difference in the lives of many.
Julian Nava is one of the most renowned and distinguished elder statesmen in the Hispanic community of the United States. The child of poor Mexican immigrants, Nava rose through years of hardship and hard work to achieve what no other Latino in the United had achieved before him: Nava became the first Mexican American to serve as ambassador to Mexico.
This unforeseen but deserved appointment by President Jimmy Carter followed on a life of commitment to his education and that of his community. Nava was a civil rights activist during the height of the Chicano Movement; he also became the first Mexican American to serve on the Los Angeles school board when it was embattled, facing the challenges of school walkouts and boycotts, desegregation, bilingual education and a series of issues brought on by the changes in education during the 1970s.
The recipient of a PhD in History from Harvard, Nava has been on the front-lines of urban education and politics, while simultaneously building a successful career as a university professor celebrated through the United states, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Columbia, and Spain. Nava's previously untold story is finally available to inspire people young and old toward study, commitment and perseverance, not only for one's self, but for the community and nation.
JULIAN NAVA, a long-time professor at CSU Northridge, has published numerous books and articles on Mexican-American life and education. Having recently turned to film production, he is currently working on a documentary on Tibet and Iran. He and his wife live on a horse ranch near San Diego, close to their children and grandchildren.
Arte Público Press is the nation's largest and most established publisher of contemporary and recovered literature by U.S. Hispanic authors. Its imprint for children and young adults, Piñata Books, is dedicated to the realistic and authentic portrayal of the themes, languages, characters, and customs of Hispanic culture in the United states. Based at the University of Houston, Arte Público Press, Piñata Books, and the Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Literary Heritage project provide the most widely recognized and extensive showcase for Hispanic literary arts and creativity. For more information, please visit our website at http://www.arte.uh.edu.
Publication Date: May 31,02, Pages: 224, Ages: 11 and up, Clothbound, $16.95 Paperback, $9.95
New Video on Immigrant Realities and Struggles
The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) has released a new documentary video about immigrant realities and the struggle for immigrants' rights, "ECHANDO RAICES/TAKING ROOT: Immigrant and Refugee Communities in California, Texas, and Iowa." Stories and reflections from immigrants and refugees are woven together with scenes of community life and a vibrant musical score. Also included are perspectives from scholars, union and community activists, local officials, displaced workers, and more.
For more information or a downloadable order form, please visit our website at http://www.takingroot.org Additional questions may be directed to cruweb@afsc.org
Source: Anthony Garcia
Latino Virtual Gallery, Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives http://latino/si.edu/virtualgallery
The Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives opened its doors in 1998 with the mission to advance knowledge and understanding of the contributions of Latinos and Latinas to U.S. history, arts, culture and scientific discovery. The Center promotes the richness and diversity of our Latino cultures through educational programs, exhibitions, presentations, research and scholarship.
The Latino Virtual Gallery has been developed in conjunctions with artists and educators. The main purpose: to add to traditional classroom learning, advances made possible by new technology.
Current: "Revealing Personal Identity:
The Indigenous Vision of Manuel Carrillo,"
"Inside/Out Growing Old in the U.S."
Upcoming:
"Antonio, 25 Years of Creative Collaboration," Puerto Ricans Antonio López & Juan Ramos Ramos. "Lowriding, An American Cultural Expression"
1930 Census Microfilm Locator http://1930census.,archives.gov/
This site will enable you to do geographic searches to determine in which enumeration district(s) particular locale will be found. The geographic data on the web site is an edited version of the 1930 portion of T224 - Descriptions of Enumeration Districts, 1830-1950 (156 rolls). The 1930 descriptions can be found on rolls 61through 90. These are written descriptions of each enumeration district, arranged by state, then by county.
* It s not a family - or individual- name index or a digital version of the original records.
* It contains the microfilm lists for the 1930 population schedules and the Soundex indexes, searchable by over 120,000 geographic locations.
* Allows you to know before visiting NARA exactly which roll(s) of microfilm you need to view to start your research.
CSGA Newsletter, Vol. 20, No. 5 (May 2002)
Passport Information: http://www.nara.gov/genealogy/passport.html
Passport applications can be an excellent source of genealogical information, especially about foreign-born individuals. The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) has passport applications from Oct. 1795-Mar. 1925; the U.S. Department of State has passport applications from Apr. 1925 to the present.
The Department of State has issued passports to American citizens traveling abroad since 1789, but did not have sole authority to do so until August 23, 1856, when Congress passed an act (11 Stat. 60) prohibiting other governmental entities, such as state and judicial authorities, from issuing passports.
Foreign travel in the nineteenth century was much more frequent than one might expect. Overseas travelers included businessmen, the middle class, and naturalized U.S. citizens who returned to their homelands to visit relatives. For example, statistics show that the State Department issued 130,360 passports between 1810 and 1873, more than 369,844 between 1877 and 1909, and more than 1,184,085 between 1912 and 1925. It is unknown how many American citizens traveled abroad with passports issued by state or judicial authorities prior to 1856 or without any passport prior to 1918.
Although 95 percent of mid-19th century passport applicants were men, many women also traveled overseas. If the applicant was to be accompanied by his wife, children, servants, or other females under his protection, their names, ages, and relationship to the applicant were stated on the passport application. One passport was then issued to cover the whole group. Likewise, when children traveled abroad solely with their mother, their names and ages were indicated on the mother's passport application. Passport applications by women in their own names became more frequent in the latter part of the nineteenth century, and by 1923 women constituted over 40 percent of passport applicants.
The sequence, sources, addresses, etc. needed to search Passport records can be found on this site. Sent by Johanna de Soto
Women and Naturalization, ca. 1802-1940 by Miriam L. Smith
http://www.nara.gov/publications/prologue/natural1.html
http://www.nara.gov/publications/prologue/natural2.html Genealogy Page
[[ Fascinating two-part article on the topic, well-footnoted. Only a partial text from Part 2 is below.]]
In this 1921 photograph,
only one women is taking the naturalization class for citizenship. It was not until the following year that women would finally get a nationality class of their own and more women would seek to be naturalized. (U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service)
Women and Naturalization, ca. 1802-1940, Part 2
"Any woman who is now or may hereafter be married . . ."
While it appears foreign-born women did not complain about any remaining link between a woman's naturalization and her husband's, some Naturalization Bureau officials thought any remaining connection was unfair.(14) Clear dissatisfaction was expressed by U.S.-born women who, in many cases, belatedly discovered they had lost their citizenship by marriage prior to September 1922 and now must petition for naturalization if they wished to regain it. After considering that other Americans who expatriated themselves by swearing allegiance to another nation during World War I needed only to take the oath of allegiance in court to restore their U.S. citizenship, U.S. Commissioner of Naturalization Raymond Crist suggested that Congress might create some similar provision for U.S.-born women:
Some women feel that a certain stigma attaches to the need of "naturalization" in the same manner as any lowly immigrant. Women of perhaps Mayflower ancestry, whose forbears fought through the Revolution, and whose family names bear honored and conspicuous places in our history, who are thoroughly American at heart, and who perhaps have never left these shores, but whose act in choosing alien husbands has forfeiture of American citizenship, bemoan the stipulation that such as they must sue for naturalization by the ordinary means. (15)
Not until 1936 did Congress comply with Crist's request, and then only for those women who lost U.S. citizenship by marriage between 1907 and 1922 and whose marriage had terminated through death or divorce. If she met this criteria she could file an application with her local naturalization court and resume her citizenship upon taking the oath of allegiance. The application was typically made on Form N-415, Application to Take Oath of Allegiance to the United States, which should be filed in separate volumes from each court's other naturalization records. Some courts, however, interfiled these documents with other petitions. In 1940 Congress allowed all women who lost citizenship by marriage between 1907 and 1922 to repatriate, or resume their citizenship, regardless of their marital status. Since then, any woman who lost U.S. citizenship in those years by marriage to any alien, even if they remained happily married, could resume her citizenship by applying and taking the oath of allegiance.
There were certain legal and social provisions, however, governing which women did and did not go to court to naturalize. In general, immigrant women have always had the right to become U.S. citizens, but not every court honored that right. Since the mid-nineteenth century a succession of laws worked to keep certain women out of naturalization records, either by granting them derivative citizenship or barring their naturalization altogether. It is this variety of laws covering the history of women's naturalization, as well as different courts' varying interpretation of those laws, that help explain whether a naturalization record exists for any given immigrant woman.
The subject of women and naturalization was often as confusing to people in the past as it is to researchers today. Not all courts upheld or strictly enforced naturalization requirements. Other misunderstandings arose when naturalization records did not change as rapidly as did naturalization law. For example, after implementation of the Cable Act in 1922, naturalization certificates continued to call for the name of the new citizen's spouse until at least 1929. This was a remnant of the days when women derived nationality from their husbands, and the name inserted on the certificate after 1922 was usually that of the wife. There were subsequently instances where un-naturalized spouses used such certificates as proof of citizenship, even using them to obtain U.S. passports from the Department of State.(16)
Still other misunderstandings arise today because some are unable to fathom that immigrant women may have gained U.S. citizenship by any means other than naturalization. There is a surprising number of elderly women alive today who gained U.S. citizenship by marriage to U.S. citizens prior to 1922. Too often they and their children are sent scrambling to obtain some proof of the woman's citizenship so that she might retain some benefit to which she is entitled. It was not until 1929 that women who gained citizenship through their husband's naturalization after marriage could obtain a "Certificate of Derivative Citizenship" from the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). And it was not until 1940 that INS could issue certificates to women who gained citizenship by marriage to a man already a citizen.(17) While not in themselves proof of citizenship for legal purposes, proof of marriage to a U.S. citizen occurring prior to September 22, 1922, and proof of the husband's U.S. citizenship, remain as the foundation for legally documenting a foreign-born woman's citizenship.(18)
Sent by Johanna de Soto
Immigration Growth at highest rate in 150 years by Stephen Dinan, THE WASHINGTON TIMES
http://www.washtimes.com/national/20020605-76931088.htm
The United States is accepting immigrants at a faster rate than at any other time since the 1850s, according to Census 2000 figures released yesterday.
The 31.3 million foreign-born residents represent 11.3 million more than in the 1990 census — a 57 percent increase — and they now account for 11.1 percent of the nation's population, or one in nine residents. That proportion is higher than at any other time since the 1930 census, when immigrants made up 11.7 percent of the population.
Immigration advocates said the overall percentage of foreign-born who have become citizens — 40.3 percent — is about the same, showing that new immigrants are just as interested in becoming part of the political process and in being productive members of their community.
One big shift is in immigrants' birthplaces. For the first time, those born in Latin America make up more than half of immigrants in the United States, at 51.7 percent.
IMMIGRATION ISSUES: 64 articles on Immigration News (with links) from Hispanic Vista
http://www.hispanicvista.com/html/062402immi.htm
Mexican-American Genealogical Research: Following the Paper Trail to America
by John Schmal and Donna Morales, is a beginner's guide for Mexican Americans who are just starting to trace their families or for those who don't know where or how to start. If you would like to receive this flyer, Email Heritage Books, Inc. Sent an email Attn: Lisa Lisa@heritagebooks.com or write: 1540E Pointer Ridge Pl, Bowie, MD 20716
The book consists of 200 pages divided into the following chapters:
1. Following the Paper Trail
2. Finding Vital Records
3. Other Sources of Vital Information
4. Naturalization Records
5. Alien Registration Records
6. Crossing the Border 7. The Best Records in the World
8. Passengers to the Indies
9. The Indians of Mexico
10. In the Service of Their Country
11. Getting Prepared
The Preface to this book was written by Professor Julian Nava, formerly the American Ambassador to Mexico and a well-known educator. The price of this book will be $21.00, but the pre-publication price will be $16.80 until August 31, 2002. The book number is S2139. To order a copy, call Hertiage Books at 1-800-398-7709 and place an order with a credit card (Visa/MC/Discover) or they can send a check for the book plus $5.00 shipping. http://www.heritagebooks.com
Sent by Gloria Candelaria / CandelGlo@webtv.net and George Gause ggause@panam.edu
Extract of article Mexican guest workers seek Congress' help to recover back pay by Mark Sherman, Associated Press Writer, 6-12-02 Bracero Justice Project:http://www.bracerojustice.com
The Justice Department, in court papers, says the claim is too old and is trying to get a federal judge to dismiss a class-action lawsuit alleging hundreds of thousands of Mexicans who worked in America between 1942 and 1949 never received money deducted from their wages.
Legislation introduced in Congress would prevent the government from having the suit dismissed on procedural grounds.
Ortiz was one of nearly five million Mexican guest workers recruited to the United States between 1942 and 1964 to harvest crops and maintain railroad tracks. The "bracero" program — which comes from the Spanish for "arm" — was launched during World War II to help fill jobs left vacant by U.S. workers called to fight.
In an unusual agreement between the U.S. and Mexican governments, the braceros had 10 percent of their wages deducted and sent, via Wells Fargo, to Mexican banks to serve as savings accounts. The agreement was supposed to serve as an incentive for the workers to return to Mexico once their contracts expired.
The lawsuit, filed last year in San Francisco, is against the U.S. and Mexican governments, along with four banks. Although the pay was as low as 30 cents an hour, advocates for the braceros say at least 500 million dollars is owed, including interest. The suit is patterned after successful claims by Holocaust survivors against Swiss banks and German companies.
Howard Shorr Howardshor@aol.com
Hispanic Magazine online is making it even easier to find items of interest. Links to specific categories from their main website are in place. In addition to current political and social issues, special interesting features can be found in every update. This link is Latino Styles. The June issue had information on different styles of Latin dances. http://www.hispaniconline.com/lstyles/
SURNAME: CORTES/CORTEZ
Although only the 52th most carried surname among modern Hispanics, Cortez is probably the most recognizable because of Hernando Cortes, first conqueror and governor of Tenochtitlan, present day Mexico City.
Cortes is of ancient origin derived from the latin "cortar" courteous, genteel, mannerly and refered to those accompanying the king or belonging to the court. It is now used as the Spanish equivalent for public governmental body, parliament or congress. Hernando Cortes was a hidalgo, who in 1504 at the age of 19 arrived in Santo Domingo. Bright, adventrous, enterprising, in 1518 Cuba's governor, Diego Valesquez approached Hernando to establish a colony on the mainland.
History reflects Hernando Cortes' success. He married twice, had many children both legitimate and natural, all of whom, at his death, were left well cared for. At least 11 of his relatives become encomenderos and three other, although not encomenderos held important positions in the Cortes estate.
CARLOS M. YTURRALDE of San Diego traces a maternal line to VALERO CORTEZ deL REY, born in Spain the 30th March 1611. The `del Rey' was added by Valero's great grandfather Sebastian to impress upon the king his great loyalty.
Valero arrived in Nueva Espana from Zaragoza, Spain in 1632. He was one of the earliest settlers of Hidalgo del Parral. During his lifetime, he became was of the most influential and wealthiest men of Nueva Viscaya, involved in both mining and cattle in the present state of Chihuahua. His son, Juan became a general and a Spanish knight of the order of Santiago.
Mr. Yturralde's father, Francisco Yturralde, is the seventh great grandson of Valerio Cortes Del Rey through a series of many generations of grandmothers, from Maria Teodora Cayentana Vedor christened 2 April 1827 back to Maria Teodora's grandmother Maria Francisca Morales, to great grandmother, Maria del Carmen Albarado. Maria del Carmen Albarado great grand mother was Antonia Josepha Cortez del Rey, daughter of Juan Cortez del Rey, christened 5 June 1654, great grandson of Valero Cortez del Rey.
Carlos Yturralde's parents, both born in Mexico, Francisco (22 Feb 1878, Chihuahua) and Maria Guadalupe Alvidrez (14 Oct 1919, Jalisco) met and married in Phoenix Arizona on 26 April 1939. The "go west, young man" migration pattern was fulfilled by both Francisco who traveled from Chihuahua, Mexico to El Paso, Texas and finally to Phoenix, Arizona where the family settled. Carlos first earned a B.A. at the University of Arizona, served in the United States Air Force, achieving the rank of Captain. Return-ing to civilian life, he migrated "west" to California, entering real estate.
Married with four children, Mr. Yturralde says, "I love the spirit of adventure displayed by ancestors. I want my children to know their ancestors made an important contribution to the settling of north America."
Surnames on this line: Quesada, Vedor, Morales, Albarado, Espinosa.
Expanding our surname series to reader involvement, we invite you to send in a mini-pedigree. If you do not have information on the origin of the surname or the first time that the surname appeared in the Americas, our staff will research and add it. Pictures can be submitted, either through email, or Somos Primos, P.O. Box 490, Midway City, CA 92655-0490.
What we would like to publish is the research of living descendants of the colonizing Hispanics. Yturralde's shares a direct line to a grandfather that arrived in Nueva Espana in 1632. Contact Carlos directly at cyturralde@aol.com
ORANGE COUNTY, CA
Goldmine of Diversity Conference
Latinos Spread Their News on the Web It's payback time for Disney tiara makers
California 2002, A GOLDMINE OF DIVERSITY 7-10 AUGUST FGS/CSGA,
A Conference for the Nation's Genealogists http://www.fgs.org/2vm002conf/FGS-2002.htm
7-10 August 2002 Ontario Convention Center, Ontario CA Details under U.S. , click
Latinos Spread Their News on the Web, Extract by Jennifer Mena, L.A. Times, 6-10-02
Feeling ignored by mainstream media, young journalists turn to the Internet.
It's a forum to discuss 'who we are,' one writer says.
A group of Latino twenty some things in Orange County is putting such tantalizing headlines on the Internet as "Blood and Oranges," "Putting a Brown Face on Orange County" and "Beer Bottles, Blood Money, and Other Cinco de Mayo Party Favors." These are titles of articles posted on a Web site, http://www.oclatino.net, one of several recently launched news sites aimed at Latinos in Orange County. Its young founders, graduates of local colleges who participated in Latino student groups, said they hope it will be an alternative forum for people, like themselves, who feel ignored by mainstream media.
These Internet venues show how English-dominant, educated Latinos are trying to express them-selves in an increasingly diverse county of more than 2.8 million people that is struggling to differentiate itself from Los Angeles.
Started in March, the Orange County Latino site has received 4,000 hits without any publicity, said founder Pablo Serrato of Placentia, who attends UC Berkeley. The site resembles latinola.com, which concentrates on Latino happenings in Los Angeles County. Orange County activist Zeke Hernandez is sending out a Web newsletter he calls "Apples and Oranges con pico de gallo," a reference to the spice used on fruit sold on street corners in Mexico and in U.S. Latino enclaves. Like the spice, he hopes the information will pique people's interest.
The "Apples and Oranges con pico de gallo" newsletter began about two years ago, when Hernandez decided someone had to publicize community events not listed else where.Hernandez, president of the local chapter of the League of United Latin American Citizens, e-mails the newsletter of short items about issues in one community that he believes might inspire activism in
another. About 750 people are on his e-mail list, but anyone who wants to receive the newsletter can request it from Hernandez at zekeher@juno.com.
"This is a community service," said Serrato. "We're challenging the idea of being a monolithic race, or the orthodoxy of being Latinos. Latinos in Orange County have many identities and we hope we can demonstrate them."
Sent by Zeke Hernandez zekeher@juno.com
It's payback time for Disney tiara makers
Nonprofit groups startled by the tiaras' history
Extract from two articles by Jenifer B. McKim, OC Register, 6-24-02
The Disney Store donated 100,000 beaded wands and tiaras to nonprofit groups without mentioning that the sparkling wares were made in violation of child-labor and minimum-wage laws.
The state Department of Industrial Relations determined that local workers in their homes were receiving an average of $1.35 an hour in violation of labor laws. Disney official said they thought the work was being done in factories and not in homes, just miles from Disneyland.
In a November settlement with the state, Disney agreed to donate or destroy the wands and tiaras and pay $902,777.78 in back wages to more than 1,2000 workers.
So far, 763 local workers have received back wages. Almost all workers received check of less than $1,000. Based on work records, the highest payment received was $29,000.
"I never went out," Juana Salinas said. "I almost got divorced; my husband got so tired of seeing me sitting there. People would complain, but they would do it because they need to. In this country you have to work."
The state is waiting to hear from nearly 500 workers who have not responded to letters notifying them of money owed to them. Some say workers, many of them undocumented immigrants, are afraid of contacting the state.
LOS ANGELES, CA
Goldmine of Diversity Conference
Happy 221st Birthday
1769 Earthquake in Los Angeles Basin
Expressions Without Borders
California 2002, A GOLDMINE OF DIVERSITY 7-10 AUGUST FGS/CSGA,
A Conference for the Nation's Genealogists http://www.fgs.org/2vm002conf/FGS-2002.htm
7-10 August 2002 Ontario Convention Center, Ontario CA Details under U.S. , click
Happy 221st Birthday
Los Angeles will be celebrating its 221st Birthday on Monday September 2, 2002. It will start with a historic walk retracing the trail that the Pobladores took on September 4, 1781 from the Mission San Gabriel to El Pueblo de la Los Angeles and the start of the City of Los Angeles. It is celebrated with popular and traditional entertainment, cultural activities, historic displays, food, artisan exhibits and more. Mexican Independence Day will be celebrated with special events at Olvera Street, from September 13-15th. El Mensaje, Vol 21, Edition 1, 3-12-02
1769 Earthquake in Los Angeles Basin
Lisa Grant, assistant professor of geology at UC Irvine has discovered the San Joaquin Hills fault in southern Orange County. She believes that this fault produced the "severe" earthquake felt by the Portolá party on July 28, 1769 and followed by aftershocks over the next several days, each measured by the number of Hail Marys the explorers could utter during each tremor. It may have had a magnitude of 7.3. The new fault appears to be active, but it is slow-moving one unlikely to generate a major earthquake more often than, say, every 2,500 years.
Noticias para Los Californianos, Vol. 34, No. 3, July 2002 Source: Alex King
Art Exhibition “Expressions Without Borders/Expressiones Sin Fronteras”
Artists’ Reception: Saturday July 20, 5:00-9:00 pm
El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historical Monument, 125 Paseo de la Plaza, Ste. 400, Los Angeles, CA
A visionary exhibition experience by artists: Agustin Bravo, Joe Bravo, Frank Martinez, Diane Correa de Rempel, Manny Paz, Lalo Garcia Sergio Hernandez, Ricardo Ortega, Lix Mario Ramirez
Guest Artists: Mark Vallen, Xavier Montes San Fernando High School students works
Artino, a group of visual artists who have joined together to bring a greater appreciation of Latino art to the world, will be exhibiting their work at El Pueblo Art Gallery on Olvera Street. The exhibit titled “Expressions Without Borders/Expressiones Sin Fronteras” will run from July 14 through September 5, 2002 during the hours of 10:00 am through 4:00 pm.
The Artino artists’ work in a variety of mediums including oil on canvas, acrylic on tortillas, wood and bronze sculpture, pastels, wood burning and other mixed media. The artists’ styles vary from traditional to contemporary with an emphasis on their Hispanic cultural roots.
In the short amount of time they have been together, Artino has taken part in several art exhibitions such as the NoHo Art Festival in North Hollywood, the Jewish Federation Council’s Finegood Art Gallery in West Hills, the Dr. Rudy Acuña Art Gallery in Oxnard, the Latino Book & Family Festival at the Los Angeles Convention Center, the Dia de Los Muertos Festival in San Fernando and the Cesar Chavez Memorial Celebration in San Fernando. Also, Artino recently held a weeklong group exhibition at the San Fernando High School library where the artists spoke and discussed their work with several classes of students
Individual Artino artists have exhibited at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington D.C., Museum of Mexican Art in Chicago, Casa de la Cultura in Las Cruces, New Mexico and many other venues. One of the artists, Lalo Garcia, is currently designing the shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe in the new Los Angeles Cathedral.
Sponsored by: Los Angeles City Councilmember Alex Padilla, El Paseo Inn Mexican Restaurant, and Galeria Xochitl ARTINO Latino Artists Group: For more information, contact: Diane Velarde-Hernandez (818) 365-3033 Sent by Serg Hernandez chiliverde@earthlink.net
CALIFORNIA
Goldmine of Diversity Conference
Some People Just Don't Get It!
New Book: Lands of Promise and Despair
University of California, Berkeley Library
The Californio, Part I
A Shop Keeper's Daughter, Part III
Old San Jose, Part II
Publish Your Own History
Ventura County California, Marriage Index
Students of Southern California
Who Perished?
A Cuban Missionary in Early California
California Ranchos By County
Railroad Land Grants in California
California: Magnet for Tourists and Home Buyers
California 2002, A GOLDMINE OF DIVERSITY 7-10 AUGUST FGS/CSGA,
A Conference for the Nation's Genealogists http://www.fgs.org/2vm002conf/FGS-2002.htm
7-10 August 2002 Ontario Convention Center, Ontario CA Details under U.S. , click
If you haven't quite made up your mind to attend the FGS/CSGA conference in Ontario, CA on Aug 7-10. Perhaps a little financial prod will help you on your way. If you make a commitment to attend the society sessions on Wednesday and report back to your nonprofit society you might be able to write off the costs for one day of the conference as a donation to that society on your itemized income tax return. Not only the one day conference fee would be deductible, you can also take deductions for transportation, lodging if you live a reasonable distance away and per diem rates for food if you live outside the county.
You could even extend your deduction by manning your societies booth or working as a conference volunteer on other days of the conference. Potential volunteers are encouraged to contact Marjorie Higgins at MHigg7150@aol.com or call 325-755-6582.
Sent by Peter E. Carr, Editor Caribbean Historical & Genealogical Journal
P.O. Box 7213, Redlands, CA 92375-7213 USA tcigen@worldnet.att.net
Opinion: Baja California's right to her full name, Some People Just Don't Get It.
On 25 May at the CMSA meeting in La Paz, following the presentation of Julia Bendímez Patterson, Dr. Gloria López Morales of CONACULTA, gave an excellent commentary on the incorrect use of the term "Baja" to refer to Baja California. She expressed concern that the improper term had become so common that, in the future, residents of Baja California might become know as "Bajos". After translating these comments to English, I explained that the term "Baja" was not only offensive to Baja Californians (similar to "Frisco" among San Franciscans) but also was simply grammatically incorrect. As an adjective, "Baja" cannont be used as a noun, and is improper, even if the speaker does not concern himself with offending Baja Californians.
On Sunday and Monday following, while on the tour of Los Cabos and the Pericú site at Caduaño, I heard various CMSA members refer to the peninsula as "Baja", and, after a few diplomatic attempts to correct the incorrect usage, gave up in order to avoid offending people and making enemies.
All of this reminded me of Miguel León-Portilla´s request to visit Santa Rosalía de Mulegé thirty years ago, prior to the opening of the transpeninsular highway. With the help of Armando Travsviña and Moisés Coronado we obtained a state Suburban and chauffeur, and left the next morning for the seven-hour trip to Mulegé. During the entire trip we discussed our concerns over the impact of the soon to be completed paved highway upon historical sites, problems of vandalism, treasure hunting, graffitti, theft, etc. and, on arrival at the mission, spent about a half hour inside. On exiting we found the chauffeur carving his initials into the facade of the church! There is no question that he heard us discussing our concerns, but SOME PEOPLE JUST DON´T GET IT! Help us preserve the
Although it is obvious that some Mexican agencies, companies, and citizens use the term "Baja", that is not a valid excuse. Let us, members of CMSA, set an example and show that we DO GET IT! and demonstrate that we know the proper term for the earliest California, Baja California, and continue to maintain a friendly relationship with the Californians to the south.
Sincerely, W. Michael Mathes
June 16, 2002 Distributed Online
New Book : Lands of Promise and Despair: Chronicles of Early California, 1535-1846
Edited by Rose Marie Beebe and Robert M. Senkewicz
520 pages, 6x9, with 17 color plates and 100 b/w illustrations
Trade paper, ISBN: 1-890771-48-1, $21.95
Spanish and Mexican California is generally depicted through the journals of sea captains and other visitors. This groundbreaking collection offers another perspective: Early California seen through the eyes of those who explored it, colonized it, and settled it in the age before the gold rush.
Over sixty selections from letters, journals, official reports and proclamations, interrogations, and interviews—many newly translated and some presented in English for the first time—lay before us a surprisingly varied and dynamic portrait of an era generally dismissed as static, pastoral, or backward. Conflicts between missionaries and soldiers, Indians and non-Indians, Hispanic settlers and Anglo newcomers, friends and neighbors, spill out of the pages, bringing the ferment of daily life into sharp focus. Here we find not sleepy towns, quaint missions, or comic opera military outposts; rather an ever-shifting world of struggle and opportunity, aspiration and tragedy, pride and loss.
The first-person accounts are tied together with extensive introductions and commentaries by two well-known scholars. Together the selections and commentaries give us an intimate portrait as well as a broad context, placing the exploration and settlement of Alta California within the history of Baja California and the conquest of the New World.
This ambitious and accessible book, further amplified by more than thirty illustrations, maps, and paintings, will influence greatly how we envision the history and legacy of Hispanic California and is sure to become the cornerstone for a new generation of early California studies. http://www.heydaybooks.com/books/lpd.html Sent by Rob Rios riosr@uci.edu
What's New in California http://www.vitalsearch-ca.com/gen/ca/whatsnew.htm
A wonderful resource, listing by county information on accessing new compiled extractions, directories, indexes for family research. Latest ones at the top. For example:
* Monday, May 13, 2002: A 1929 Modesto,(Stanislaus Co.) Directory.
* Friday, April 19, 2002: 1905-29 California State Deaths are released for public use.
* Saturday, April 06, 2002: A 1949 Monterey,(Monterey Co.) Directory.
* Friday, February 22, 2002: A 1960-1969 Bride Indexed Marriages.
* Monday, February 04, 2002: A Non-Identifying-Birth:1996-1997 database now located on the California Birth Index page. Sent by Johanna de Soto
University of California, Berkeley Library http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/
If you are a California researcher and have not explored the Berkeley Library resources online, you should. You will be amazed at how much has been gathered, such as all the Mexican land grant information, by county.
A core component of the California Digital Library, the Online Archive of California (OAC) is a digital information resource that facilitates and provides access to materials such as manuscripts, photographs, and works of art held in libraries, museums, archives, and other institutions across California. The OAC is available to a broad spectrum of users -students, teachers, and researchers of all levels. Through the OAC, all have access to information previously available only to scholars who traveled to collection sites.
The OAC includes a single, searchable database of "finding aids" to primary sources and their digital facsimiles. Primary sources include letters, diaries, manuscripts, legal and financial records, photographs and other pictorial items, maps, architectural and engineering records, artwork, scientific logbooks, electronic records, sound recordings, oral histories artifacts and ephemera. http://www.oac.cdlib.org/ Sent by Johanna de Soto
The Californio
Part 1
by Edward Allegretti
Most every child enjoys exploring around grandma's house and looking at the various curiosities that can be found there. Certainly this was true for me as a child when staying with my Grandmother Bernal.
The closet in an upstairs bedroom was a favorite spot to explore as was the drawer with all of her father's ribbons and medals. Possibly, though, my favorite objects were the old Mexican style mortar and pestle and metate.
Selestina Soto de Gonzales with unknown great-grandchild. About 1925.
As a boy, these stone "artifacts" were interesting and seemed very masculine. It wasn't until later that I learned that they once belong to a woman and were actually used for food preparation.
These stone objects actually belonged to my Grandmother Bernal's paternal grandmother, Selestina Soto de Gonzales, who was the grandmother of my Grandmother Bernal.
I knew something of this woman from several of the old photographs that my grandmother had. She was the older and heavy Spanish lady whose clothing and hair style retained elements of the pre-American Mexican customs. I also knew, from stories that my grandmother would tell, that she was married at Mission San Juan Bautista and had a fondness for smoking a pipe when nobody was supposedly watching!
It didn't take a lot of prodding for my grandmother to tell me more about her grandmother, who was born at Monterey when California was still under Mexican rule. As a child, she and her father would take their carriage from San Jose to Gilroy, where Selestina lived. Her house was near the center of town although previously her husband and she raised cattle on land that was once part of her aunt and uncle's Rancho La Polka. The trip would take one full day and they would spend a week with her.
Once there, my grandmother would learn some Spanish, eat wonderful Mexican food, and learn manners. She was taught that ladies never whistle, to sit up straight, and more. She would also learn some about the lives of her extended family and see many aunts, uncles, and various cousins.
The old mortar and pestle and metate that I liked actually came from Selestina's father's rancho. Her father, Lazaro Soto, and their family resided in Monterey. In addition to his town house, he had the Rancho Canada de la Segunda in Carmel Valley. This 4,400 acre rancho extended from the ocean up into the Carmel Valley along the Carmel River. The local Indians served as house servants and tended to his herds of cattle. They even used the Carmel Mission, by then abandoned by the padres, for storage.
Aside from being a rancher, Lazaro Soto was a soldier in the Mexican army of California. He was in fact the officer in charge of horses and munitions during the Battle of Natividad where the Californios routed Fremont and his invaders. Lazaro's father, Isidoro Soto, was an officer in the Mexican army at Monterey. His father, Ignacio Soto, had come to California as a Spanish soldier with De Anza's expedition of 1776 and had served as acting alcalde (mayor) of San Jose for a time in 1794. One of Selestina's cousins was Juan Alvarado, governor of California.
As a child I enjoyed these simple stone artifacts from the old rancho days. Now that they belong to me, I still enjoy looking at them and handling them. However, the story of their previous owners and the lives of these people are certainly more interesting to me now as an adult.
Selestina Soto de Gonzales with two of her daughters, at the daughter's ranch in Los Banos. About 1925. John Allegretti (my grandfather) right with his partner, Lawrence Durso. In the A&D Emporium about 1935.
Stella Guarino (grandmother of my Grandmother Allegretti) in her grocery store on Almaden St., San Jose, about 1920. Salvatore Asaro, in apron, (father of my Grandmother Allegretti) in his shoe store in Hayward, about 1925.
A Shop Keeper's Daughter
Part II
by Edward Allegretti EAllegretti@rosendin.com
Like most grandparents, my Grandmother Allegretti enjoyed telling stories about her childhood and youth. Since her mother died when she was just a child, most of her stories concerned her father, Salvatore Asaro.
Salvatore Asaro was a native of Bisaquino, Sicily. He arrived in New Orleans where he met and married Jenny Canova, also a native of Sicily. They left New Orleans and arrived in San Jose just after the turn of the century. They had four children. Three boys and a girl named Mary who was born in San Jose in 1906. Although Salvatore Asaro was trained as a master shoemaker in Sicily, he became a grocer in San Jose.
My grandmother recalls as a child that her father owned a grocery store on San Carlos Street. It was located just next to the Guadalupe River. The store was downstairs and their living quarters upstairs. She recalls one bad winter how the creek overflowed and flooded the store. Her father and she would walk down the stairs to pick out floating cans and other items to use for supper or breakfast! Later they moved to Willow Glen where he had a house on Willow Street and a shoe shop on Lincoln Avenue. When her mother died she could remember (even though not yet three years old) the solemn funeral parade of her mother's that passed their house. A carriage, followed by a band, and then the mourners slowly walked by.
When Mary was about ten years old the family moved to Hayward. In Hayward her father established a shoe shop and also became an farmer, owning orchards just outside of town. Their house was located in the hills just above the then small village. On Sunday morning their driver (her father didn't drive) brought the car to the front of the house in order to take Mr. Asaro and his children to church. After they all loaded into the car, the driver started to back up. Unfortunately, he reversed too far and they all tumbled down the hillside. Even thought the car rolled several times and everybody was thrown out, miraculously nobody was hurt!
When Mary turned 13 her father decided she needed to be raised by a woman. Thus, she moved back to San Jose to live with her maternal grandmother, Stella Guarino Canova. Mrs. Canova also operated a grocery store. This place was located on the Alameda just across from the old Troy Laundry. My grandmother had many stories to tell about the various Italians of old Goosetown who would come to sit in the store around the chairs by the pot belly stove. She also recalls a nephew of their neighbor who often came to visit his aunt and uncle. It seems this aunt and uncle and Mrs. Canova thought that these young people should court and marry.
In the parlor of her grandmother's house, my grandmother was introduced to John Allegretti where they were allowed to have short visits. The parlor door was always left open and Mrs. Guarino would periodically peer in to make sure all was proper! They were never allowed to date unless Mary's father came to San Jose and took them out. I asked my Grandfather Allegretti how he felt about always having the father with them. He thought it was great. Since Mr. Asaro always paid and since he had a lovely car complete with driver, he had no complaints!
In 1925 John and Mary did marry in San Jose. John later became the owner of a small department store called the A&D Emporium. Thus, Mary continued her life with another "shop keeper."
Old San Jose
Part III
by Edward Allegretti, EAllegretti@rosendin.com
"Good old saloon days," said my grandfather, "Yes, that is what one woman said of this photograph." That was what my grandfather, John J. Allegretti, was saying to me when I inquired , while going through an old photograph album, about the old picture of him behind the "bar." What I actually was looking at was a photograph of him and his partner, Lawrence Durso, inside of their small department store, the "A & D Emporium." Although the structure still exists as the Saratoga Building on Santa Clara Street between 2nd and 3rd, the "A & D Emporium" left in the 1950s.
For most of his working life my grandfather spent 10 hour days, six days per week tending to business in his store which sold paintings, artist supplies, appliances, eye glasses, musical instruments. He enjoyed visiting with customers, seeing friends, and making deliveries in an old truck with real oil paintings attached to the sides as advertisements. At least the pay was a little better than his first job as a boy in San Jose where be helped a man gather metal scraps all day for a cream puff.
No doubt most of his days at the store during the 1920's, the Depression, and into the 1950's were similar. He did recall how he enjoyed visiting at George Payne's office. Mr. Payne at that time was proprietor of the San Jose News. Although monthly my grandfather had to personally visit in order to obtain some money for the account Mr. Payne had at the emporium, he enjoyed seeing the office walls full of framed photographs of Mr. Payne with famous and near-do-wells who had visited San Jose. My grandfather also enjoyed recalling how his friend, San Jose Judge Percy O'Connor, often slept on the couch in the back office of the store in order to sleep off some of his libations! One of John's more particular customers was Mrs. Edward Bernal (Rena). She came to buy artist supplies and always had to wet the tips of the brushes before selecting just the right one. Rena's only daughter later married John's only son, my parents.
My grandfather also liked recalling visits to the Hayes family (they owned the San Jose Mercury) house at Edenvale. With it's extensive gardens, one needed to drive over several winding roads. Along the way were many small shacks that the Japanese gardeners occupied. They would politely point the way to the main house as my grandfather drove along. John also told of how Mr. Hart, of Hart's Department store, didn't drive. He always had a car and driver. At the formal dinners at the Hart house on the Alameda, numerous footmen were at attention behind the guests ready to serve as required.
When my grandfather turned ninety (he died in 1994 at age 92) I asked if he would have changed anything about his life. His answer was no. He enjoyed his career, his 69 and one-half years of marriage to his wife Mary (herself the daughter of a local merchant and orchardist), and was proud of his son. When I asked why he didn't buy farm land like his more successful cousin, Vince Cortese (grandfather of San Jose City councilman David Cortese), he replied that someday I may have a grandson who will ask such impertinent questions!
If you would like to Publish Your Own History, send your questions to Douglas Westfall, Paragon Agency, P.O. Box 1281, Orange, CA 92856 or call (714) 771-0652 http://www.SpecialBooks.com
Ventura County California, Marriage Index (1873-1928)
Extractions done by Ventura County Genealogical Society 2000/2001
This is a U.S. Gen Web Project. http://www.cagenweb.com/re/ventura/Marriages/
By bride, groom and parents. The index is listed alphabetically, giving the marriage date and the book wherein the information is found.
GALLARDO, Fermin ROMERO, Josefa 18 Mar 1927 Bk 20:494
GALLARDO, Sonovio RAMIREZ, Remedios 19 Dec 1923 Bk 15:434
GALLO, Cesaren HULSEY, Jewell 15 Jan 1921 Bk 12:207
GALLORDO, Juan MARTINEZ, Juana 11 Mar 1926 Bk 19:126
GALLY, Howard Davison LORD, Agnes Mary Benedicta 30 Apr 1917 Bk 10:48
GALVAN, Florentino GARCIA, Antonia 10 Aug 1920 Bk 12:31
GALVIN, John Aloysius GRENIER, Elizabeth Regina 30 Jun 1920 Bk 11:483
GALVIN, Patrick McGUIRE, Katie 08 Oct 1891 Bk 3:85*
We wish to thank the Ventura County Recorder’s Office for their cooperation and assistance and all members who participated in this extraction. Every effort has been done to make it as accurate as possible by double-checking all entries, many of which were difficult to decipher. There may be a great deal more information on the marriage certificate, such as birthplace, age, residence, number of marriage, parents names and birthplaces, witnesses, and person performing the ceremony. Copies of the certificate may be obtained by phone, fax, or mail. If a credit card is used, there will be an additional $6.00 charge. To order by phone, Dial (805)654-2295 . You will be prompted for a mailing address, credit card number, expiration date, and daytime telephone number. By mail, photocopy the form below and send with a check, currently $13.00, to:
A form is included for the request for marriage record. Ventura County Recorder WEB SITE HERE Attn: Vital Records 800 South Victoria Ave, Ventura, CA 93009 Sent by Johanna de Soto
The Students of Southern California http://www.dreamwater.net/socal/ybhome.html
[[What a fun site. Photographs of both the schools and some students from those schools are included in this site. Go to for a listing of the schools and time periods covered. Hopefully this will be expanded.]] Sent by Johanna de Soto
Who Perished? http://www.sfmuseum.org/perished/index.html
A list of Persons Who Died as a Result of the Great Earthquake and Fire in San Francisco on April 18, 1906. The roster of names is compiled from newspapers of those persons who died as a direct result of injuries received either at the time of the earthquake and fire, or during the latter half of April 1906.
Compiled by Gladys Hansen, this list will be of particular assistance to history buffs and family geneologists who are seeking lost relatives last heard from in San Francisco on April 18, 1906. The names and addresses have been verified, as far as possible, by checking each name in the 1905 San Francisco City Directory. The column of “Variant Spellings” is an assumption that names similarly spelled by hard- pressed newspaper staffs are the same person. Included is the name of the newspaper and date in which that individual's name was included. Sent by Johanna de Soto
A Cuban Missionary in Early California
Fr. Jose Antonio Calzada
by Peter E. Carr tcigen@worldnet.att.net
Though most of the missionaries sent to California by the Franciscan order during the Spanish colonization era were Spaniards, some were "criollos" or born in the newly-colonized lands. Fr. Jose Antonio Calzada holds the distinction of being the only Cuban-born Franciscan missionary to serve in California.
His life and struggles as a missionary typify that of all early Spanish colonizers. His dual roles, settler and priest, provide testimony of the spirit and zeal of most Franciscan missionaries on the Northern Borderlands frontier.
Fr. Calzada was born on the 24th of November 1760 in the city of Trinidad located on the south-central portion of Cuba. His parents where Jose Calzada and Micaela de Cala. He became a Franciscan friar in Havana (L Habana), Cuba on the f3rd of February 1780. He obtained a transfer to the College of San Fernando in Mexico City where he was ordained into the priesthood on the 18th of December 1784.
The mid-1780s marked the period of Spain's great push to colonize "Alta" or Upper California because of the threat posed by the Russians in northern California. Many of the new priests ordained at the College of San Fernando were assigned to the new California missions founded by Fr. Junipero Serra . In October 1787, Fr. Calzada along with Frs. Jose Senan and Diego Garcia arrived in Monterey to begin their mission.
From Monterey, Fr. Calzada traveled to the San Gabriel Mission where he served from the 21st of February 1788 to the 19th of October 1782. During this four and half year period, he also visited and briefly served at the missions of San Juan Capistrano, San Luis Obispo and at Santa Barbara from September 1788 to January 1789 where he was probably transferred to help him heal the many bodily afflictions which life on the frontier had brought upon him.
By the mid-1790s, Fr. Calzada requested permission constantly to return to Mexico because his afflictions, hemorrhoids and headaches, made his life in California impossible. On t5he 20th of July 1796, Fr. President Lasuén petitioned the governor to allow Calzada to return to the College of San Fernando to recover his health. This petition was approved by the governor.
When Fr. Calzada's health improved, he again petitioned to return to California. At the port of San Blás on the West Coast of Mexico, he boarded the ship "Concepción" along with seven other missionaries. On 8 May 1798, they arrived at Santa Barbara, Alta California. Fr. Calzada stayed at this mission until September of 1798. Though he was offered posts at the Missions of San Luis Rey and San Luis Obispo. he declined. Instead he served at the Purísima Concepción from 2 September 1798 to 25 August 1804.
On 17 September 1804, Fr. Calzada along with Frs. Marcelino Ciprés and Romualdo Gutiérrez as well as Rev. President Estevan Tapis founded the Mission of Santa Inés. Frs. Calzada and Gutiérrez were appointed the missionaries of the new mission. Except for brief periods in Santa Barbara and San Buena Ventura, Fr. Calzada remained at Mission Santa Inés until his death.
Life in the Spanish frontier colonies was very difficult at best. Although he suffered many afflictions, Fr. Calzada remained devoted to his duties until a stroke completely paralyzed him in 1812. His name appears as the officiating priest of the first marriage and burial in the registers of Mission San Inés and he was present at the dedication of the new church at Mission San Buenaventura in 1809.
Completely paralyzed and unable to move, a chest congestion brought Fr. Calzada's life to an end on the 23rd of December 1814. The next day, Frs. Uria, Ripoll and Olbés officiated at his funeral. This Cuban missionary lies buried at the foot of the altar at Mission of Santa Inés. He gave his life to the service of God, his Church and the natives of California.
California Ranchos By County http://www.californiaweekly.com/ca_ranchos.htm
Here is a listing of California Ranchos by counties. The counties are in alphabetical order. Scroll down the list below (it's very long) to find the county and information you want. The year reflects when the rancho was started. This is an example of the easy access graph
COUNTY
RANCHO
Year
To
Acres
or other
remarks
By
Cities on or near area of this rancho or other remarks
Alameda
1
San Antonio
1820
Luis Peralta
44,380 acres
(all land from the bay to the Contra Costa Hills)
Spain
Alameda, Oakland, Berkeley, Albany, Emeryville, Piedmont, San Leandro
Sent from Johanna de Soto
Railroad Land Grants in California from a People's Independent Party map of 1875
http://www.landgrant.org/maps-calif-1875.html
[[This map seems to reveal that between Los Angeles and San Francisco, Congress gave away most of California to railroad companies. . . . .]] Sent from Johanna de Soto
California: Magnet for Tourists and Home Buyers http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cbhtml/cbmagnet.html
The introduction to an assessment of the changes that the expansion of the railroads created in California.
Expansion of rail service in California had one result that was never anticipated by the businessmen and politicians of San Francisco and Sacramento who worked so hard for the transcontinental link: Northern California lost its monopoly on the state's population and wealth. Without a rail link, Los Angeles, the first city of Mexican California, remained a sleepy village compared to the booming towns to the north. However, local business and political leaders were determined that Los Angeles would not be bypassed when rail lines came south, and city voters agreed to what was, in effect, a bribe to the Southern Pacific to bring the line directly through the city. Extension of the transcontinental rail line to Los Angeles triggered a boom in the southern part of the state, a boom that picked up even more steam once the Santa Fe Railway gave Los Angeles its own direct line to the East in 1885, a line in direct competition with the Southern Pacific. Los Angeles's population quadrupled in the 1880s, and doubled again by 1900, when it had 100,000 residents.
Sent from Johanna de Soto
NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES
Hispanics in the Mormon Zion, 1912-1999
Author Dr. Jorge Iber looks at Hispanics' history and culture in Utah and examines the impact of their widespread conversion from Catholicism to Mormonism.
Hispanics began migrating to Utah in the early 1900s seeking work in the state's thriving sugar beet industry. However, Iber notes, by the end of the twentieth century, Hispanics had become a notable part of Utah's population and could be found in all of tis major cities working in toruist, industrial and service occupations.
Iber focuses on why many in the Utah Hispanic comunidad left Catholicism for the Church of Jesus Christ of Later-Day Saints and examines how this affected the Spanish-speaking population. He also looks at the impact of Hispanic believers on the Mormon Church; concentrates on the separation of Hispanics in Utah from their Mexican, Latin American, New Mexican, and Coloradoan roots; and examines patterns of Hispanic assimilation and acculturation in a setting that is vastly different from other states.
Iber has compiled an informative study that represents "another fragment in the expanding mosaic that is the history of the Spanish-speaking people of the United States. Published by Texas A&M University Press (800-826-8911) Online ordering http://www.tamu.edulupress
Under United States, three articles reflecting Hispanic activities and support in Utah: Hatch/Durbin Dream Act, S.1291, La Universidad Hispana in Utah, BYU Finding Your Ancestors free Course
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES
Trip to Valle de Allende from El Paso
Borderlands Project- El Paso
We Are All Related Conference
Carmen Celia Beltrán New Book Three Baca/Vaca Families
Land Grants in a Nutshell.
Tierra Madre--Community of Straw-Bale Homes
Colorado State Penitentiary Index 1871 - 1973
Locating Catholic Church Records in New Mexico
A Trip to Valle de Allende
and the Records Hidden Within the Walls
by Sam Roman
ADRROM@aol.com
In April, I had the pleasure of going to Valle de Allende, Chihuahua, Mexico. The trip started in El Paso, where I am from. A good friend also accompanied me from Juarez, Armando Montes. We left on a Tuesday afternoon, and arrived in Camargo, Chihuahua, Mexico that evening after a six-hour drive. We met with another good friend from Camargo, Manuel Rosales Villa. The purpose of the trip was to do research on my Family History, and since most of my relatives were from Camargo, we started there. We spoke to Manuel until about 2:00 a.m. about the history of Camargo and the surrounding areas, and found out a lot of good information.
We agreed we would start off Wednesday morning on our way to Valle de Allende, which is about an hours' drive. We arrived in the Valle around 11:00 a.m. and proceeded Rita Soto's house, another lady who would accompany us. Rita is renown for her tremendous knowledge of the history
of this entire area. Rita and Manuel, I might add, are also in the process of compiling all of the records for this entire are on computer files.
We were introduced to the priest and the people working in the San Bartolome Church in Valle de Allende, and were given permission to search as many books as was necessary. Needless to say, we spent all day there. During our search, I expressed my desire of going to the place where my grandfather, Rafael Dominguez was born. He was born in 1892 in a place called Hacienda de la Concepcion. To my surprise, I found out it was only about a 20-minute drive from where we were. We left around 5 p.m. and I finally saw the Hacienda where my grandfather was born. It was torn down and not kept, but it was a thrill anyway.
The Hacienda had been there since the early 1800's and was owned by a man whose last name was Urquidi. This family owned a great portion of the land at that time. Rita showed me where bodies had been buried and unearthed after they abandoned the Hacienda. Over the years the rivers that flowed in that area have dried up causing the people to move and abandon a lot of property. They used to bury their dead in the walls of the chapel, or under the altar, or in some cases under the floor of the chapel.
Rita told me stories of the Hacienda, where the living quarters were and where they planted their gardens, which were used to feed those who lived on the Hacienda. There are still beautiful trees that surround the Hacienda. She then asked if I wanted to go to another Hacienda, which was about 10 minutes from there, so we went.
This Hacienda was the Hacienda Del Rio Florido, established in 1713 by the Urquidi family as well and it is now in a small town called Villa Coronado. This town is a small peaceful farming community. They too are having problems because of the lack of water. The once beautiful Rio Florido that once brought water from the Parral Mountains is now dry. In fact three other rivers flowed into it; the Rio Primero, Rio del Valle, and the Rio Parral. All are dry.
Allow me to interject something here. For as long as I can remember, I was under the impression that my grandmother had been born in the Valle de Allende, since a lot of her relatives were from there. I could never find any records for her or my grandfather.
Anyway, back to the Hacienda Del Rio Florido. Here the Chapel is still being used, and in fact, I saw the beautiful wooden floors, and below there are still people buried there from hundreds of years ago. On the walls are plaques which designate where bodies are buried, as well as under the altar of the church. The person who was showing us all this was telling us about how the local priest had wanted to do some remodeling a few months back, and how he had requested that some walls be torn down. These walls are about four feet thick! As they tore down the walls, they noticed some books within the walls and realized that these books contained birth records, marriage records, and some death records.
He asked if I would be interested in seeing them since I was a "genealogist". I decided to see some of them and to my surprise, I found, in the first book I saw, some marriage records for my grandmother's brothers. I recognized their names and my great grand parents. I then realized that my grandmother had been born elsewhere. I now know that they had been born in a town called Cerro Gordo, near Durango. My grandmother was actually born in Guadalupe de Bagues, not far from there. It was then that I found out from Rita Soto that some years ago the parish of San Bartolome in Valle de Allende had obtained some records from Rio Florido and that maybe I could find more records for my grandparents. Sure enough, when we returned, I was able to get even more information. What a thrill! My grandmother's last name is Bustamante.
Rita told me the story of how the road that we were on was called the "Camino Real", or "King's Highway". In the 1500's the Spanish Conquistadors traveled through here, and they would actually travel close to the rivers. When they arrived at the Rio Florido, they would camp there for the night. The next river, which was the Rio Primero, was about a day's ride from there, so they would camp there the following night. Then the next river was the Rio del Valle, then another day's ride from there was the Rio Parral. A day's ride from there was Camargo, and the Rio Conchos and so on.
The story picks up in San Elizario, near El Paso. In 1598, April 30 to be exact, they arrived in San Elizario where they came upon the banks of the Rio Grande. They had been traveling for about four days, without water, and it is said that when the animals saw the water, they ran to it, in such desperation that some were drowned in the river. Two horses drank so much water that their "bellies burst". Because they had endured so many hardships, they fell to the ground on their knees, and gave thanks. It is also said and now recognized that this is where they celebrated the "first Thanksgiving on the North American Continent".
The following day we went to Cd. Jimenez, to trace the Rey side of my family. The Rey family, I found out, came to Camargo from Jimenez. By the way, the Camargo records are saturated with the Rey family. It was a huge family, and in fact many of them were born in a small place just a few miles outside of Camargo called "Rancho de los Reyes". My great great grandfather, Pablo Rey, was born there in 1808, and had 16 children with two wives. His father Ramon Rey was born in 1760 in Jimenez and his father was Joseph Antonio Rey, born 1730 also in that area. Recently, I have found that the Rey family came from Cuachtemoc, Distrito Federal, Mexico. Some of them were Spanish soldiers, so I would guess that from there they came from Spain.
I would like to express my gratitude to all the wonderful people I met; Rita Soto, Manuel Rosales, and others to numerous to mention. To my good friend Armando Montes, who has since researched my family shield, and presented it to me a few weeks ago. Most of all I will forever be indebted to a most gracious lady, a most beautiful human being, who made all this possible. For it was through this wonderful person that I met Armando, then Manuel, then Rita, all within a month's time. Thank you Mimi Lozano, and May the Lord Bless you always.
The Borderlands Project- El Paso Community College
http://www.epcc.edu/ftp/Homes/monicaw/borderlands/_title_list.html
http://www.epcc.edu/ftp/Homes/monicaw/borderlands/border_index.htm
http://www.epcc.edu/ftp/Homes/monicaw/borderlands/_table.htm
Borderlands Project begun in the early 1980s under a grant. The project focus is on topics of importance to the Texas-New Mexico-Mexico borderlands. In 1991 students in Ruth Vise class of Research and Critical Writing classes wrote article on various aspects of the Mexican Revolution. These articles are now online, with an good index and links to the volumes.
This is a great resources of bits and pieces of scholarly studies, with a broad range of topics.
Genealogical Society of Hispanic America Conference, "We Are All Related" Date: July 5-7
Place: Pueblo Historic District, Pueblo, CO http://www.geocities.com/gsha9606
For more information: Donie Nelson, GSHA Membership Chair DonieGSHA@earthlink.net
Make it easy to network the conference, get some genealogical "business cards" printed with all your contact information & even your surnames on them OR make copies of your pedigree charts where you need info & distribute them (be sure your name & contact info is also listed).
Carmen Celia Beltrán, Tucson's Renaissance woman.
Tucson's rich voice of Mexican culture died May 26 in Tucson, Arizona at age 97.
"She was representative of higher culture and intellectual achievements," said Tucson writer Patricia Preciado Martin. For 21 years, KUAT-FM has aired Beltrán's radio program, "Homenaje a la Música Mexicana." ("A Tribute to Mexican Music.") Beltrán produced her show focusing on early to midcentury popular Mexican music, its singers and composers. Her Mexico was the Mexico of composers Agustín Lara, Gonzalo Curiel and Tito Guizar. Ana Romo-Lucero, producer of KUAT's "Radio Universidad," said Beltrán gave life and meaning to Mexican music and composers. But years before her radio program debuted in 1981, Beltrán cultivated Mexican theater in Tucson in the 1940s. She adapted Mexican plays and presented them in local churches and schools. She wrote plays with Mexican historical or Catholic themes.
Beltrán also wrote poetry. She published her own work, which she frequently read on local radio. In the early years of Spanish-language radio in Tucson, Beltrán teamed up with Tucson's first known Spanish-language radio announcer, Jacinto Orozco, and recited her poetry on the radio.
And Beltrán wrote for Spanish- and English-language periodicals after she arrived in Tucson in 1938.
Carmen Celia Beltran did not settle permanently in Tucson until 1942, and thus most of her local literary efforts appeared during or after the Second World War. But the young woman visited Tucson for the first time in 1938, when the Club Santa Teresita of Holy Family Church presented her drama of the death of Christ, "La Pasion," at Safford Junior High School. Thereafter she frequently returned to town, where she often collaborated with Jacinto Orozco, the popular radio announcer who hosted KVOA's "La Hora Mexicana." And after moving to Tucson, she turned out radio dramas, plays, and essays for the next three and a half decades, here work appearing on numerous Spanish-language radio programs as well as in publications, including the monthly magazine Arizona, La Voz, a bilingual weekly, and the Alianza, the official journal of the Alianza Hispano-Americana.
Sent by Beecher Hunter. Beecher_Hunter@lcca.com
New Book: Three Baca/Vaca Families, their New Mexico `Ancestry and California Descendancy
Compiled by Alexander V. King, ISBN 1-996588-16-3
Three Baca/Vaca Families: Their New Mexico Ancestry and California Descendancy is a genealogical reference work linking over 4000 people, covering approximately 10 generations of ancestry and 10 of descent from Jose Antonio Baca & Maria Romero, the common ancestors of the three related Baca/Vaca surnamed families that emigrated from New Mexico to Alta California about 150 yrs ago:
Juan Manuel Vaca and children, who gave their surname to Vacaville, CA;
Jose M. Baca & Felipa Baca who populated early Dixon, CA; and
Jesus Ma. Baca & Ma. Ynes Baca who settled in Agua Mansa, CA
The book is 518 pages and is being printed in a hardcover edition of 100 signed and numbered copies. It is priced at $75 plus tax and shipping. Copyright © 1995-2002 Bad Wolf Press
Toll-free: 1-888-827-8661 ron@badwolfpress.com 5391 Spindrift Ct. Camarillo, CA 93012
Southwest Books: http://southwestbooks.org/landwater.htm Land Grants, Water Rights & Acequias
Land Grants in a Nutshell. Complete text online. Notes from a lecture by Malcolm Ebright explaining the essential elements of New Mexican Land Grants. Sharing the Shortages Water Litigation and Regulation in Hispanic New Mexico, 1600-1850. Excerpt from an article from the New Mexico Historical Review. All books are new, in mint condition, unless otherwise indicated.
Tierra Madre--A Community of Straw-Bale Homes
frontera@nmsu.edu by Greg Bloom, FNS Editor, 5-31-02
From its beginnings in 1995, in a Catholic church in Sunland Park, New Mexico, Tierra Madre has become the largest straw-bale home community in the United States. The 20-home community was started through the prodding of three nuns, seeking programs to benefit the community.
The price of Tierra Madre homes ranges from $42,000 to $45,000. This is for a 1,500 square foot, four bedroom, two bathroom home. The resultant mortgage translates to about $200 per month.
One reason that the houses can be built for such a low price is because the families put in 60% of the homes' labor. Such labor includes painting, roofing, tiling, putting up walls and more. Indeed, the only work the families do not do is that which is prohibited by New Mexico law: plumbing, electric, foundation, heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
Another reason the homes are inexpensive is because Tierra Madre's land was not purchased but was leased from the government for 99 years. This means that owners pay only $120 per year for their lot.
More benefits:
1) Using hay stead of 2x4s for walls allows homes to be at a saving of approximately $2,000 per home due to less money being spent on wood.
2) Hay is also environmentally friendly in that it helps save forested areas. Hay can be re-grown quickly in fields whereas logged out forests need decades to recover.
3) While 2x4 construction with insulation in the walls would have an insulation rating of R15, hay bales provide R30 protection
4) Inexpensive to Heat and Cool
5) Water is cheaper to heat as through a roof-top, solar water heater.
6) Water bills cheaper, black waters (toilet waste) is separated from gray water (shower and
kitchen water).
7) Finished homes, completely covered with stucco are fire-safe.
To contact Tierra Madre go to: http://www.tmadre.org/ or call 505-589-4412. Photos of the construction process and finished homes may be viewed at http://www.tmadre.org/photos.html
Frontera NorteSur On-line news coverage of the US-Mexico border http://frontera.nmsu.edu
FNS, outreach program of Center for Latin American and Border Studies, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM
Greg Bloom, Editor, Email address: frontera@nmsu.edu, (505) 646-6817
Colorado State Penitentiary Index 1871 - 1973 http://www.archives.state.co.us/pen/index.htm
compiled by Gerald E. Sherard - volunteer for the Colorado State Archives
Some of these files have a very long download time, please be patient
Aalfs-Arellano Arellano-Bartlett Bartlett-Boes Boes-Bruning Bruning-Cartwright
Caruth-Cole Cole-Cruz Cruz-Devargas Devargas-Edler Edler-Fisher
Fisher-Galvez Galvez-Gonzales Gonzales-Hall Hall-Henderson Henderson-Howard
Howard-Johnson Johnson-Keryte Keryte-Lawson Lawson-Low Lowater-Marray
Marriott-McCard McCarl-Mercado Mercado-Moore Moore-Nesbit Nesbitt-Padilla
Padilla-Ponce Ponci-Reis Reiser-Romero Romero-Santoya Santoya-Sills
Silva-Spivey Spivey-Syas Sybert-Trommlitz Tromutato-Vigil Vigil-Weymouth
Weymouth-Winters Winters-Zwetzig
Sent by Johanna de Soto
Locating Catholic Church Records in New Mexico http://www.nmgs.org/Chrchs-intro.htm
Introduction to this project New Mexico's Catholic churches are governed by three independent dioceses. Trying to locate a specific baptism, marriage or death record can be puzzling!
BLACK
African American Cemeteries Online 136th Anniversary Reunion Buffalo Soldiers
African American Cemeteries Online http://www.prairiebluff.com/aacemetery/
The Millennium Project: "People working together to build an online database of African American genealogical material for the 21st century" [So far information has been gathered for 28 states. Eventually the site will include information for all the states.]
136th Anniversary Reunion Buffalo Soldiers, 9th and 10th (Horse) Cavalry Association
July 31 thru August 4th, 2002 Hyatt Regency, Orange County
Trooper Harold Cole (818) 994-0651 Trooper Franklin Henderson (323) 293-0547
INDIGENOUS
Islamic Missionaries asked to leave Mexico
Islam taking root in southern Mexico villages
Luiseno Language to be Taught
Dying Languages
Ancient `engineering marvels
Indian Bounty Land Applications Indian Territory
Indian Census Rolls
Wamsetta
Chalot
Choctaw
Southern New England
Islamic Missionaries asked to leave Mexico
Some foreign missionaries working for an Islamic group in the southern state of Chiapas have been asked to leave Mexico because they lack proper residency documents. The Missionaries - who include Basque converts to Islam from Spain - have converted a number of Chamula and Tzotzil Indians, but have never applied for status as a religious organization, said Javier Moctezuma Barragan assistant secretary of the National Immigration Institute.
Because their missionary group, Mision para el Dawa en Mexico, doesn't have legal status in Mexico, it has never asked for minister's visas for the men. Authorities began investigating the group, which is linked to the Morocco-based Murabitum World Movement, after the September 11 terrorist attacks, Moctezuma Barragan said. OC Register, 6-17-02 Sent by Ed Flores
Islam taking root in southern Mexico villages
Extract of article by Dudley Althaus, Houston Chronicle, 6-23-02
"There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger," says Gomez Mendez, a poor farmer and father of six who converted his family to Islam in 1996 under the tutelage of Spanish missionaries.
A missionary leader, Esteban Lopez, 52, says the Maya of Chiapas have been abandoned by Mexican society and are ripe for the Islamic group's message of another path. "They have lost their culture, everything," he says. "Islam allows them to return to their roots."
Most of the new Muslims once belonged to Chiapas' vibrant community of evangelical Christian Maya, which has been gaining thousands of converts since the first U.S. missionaries arrived 45 years ago. The evangelicals rejected the traditional faith of their home communities, which mixes ancient Maya beliefs with 16th-century Roman Catholic tenets.
They refused to participate in or pay for festivals they considered pagan. They also gave up the heavy alcohol intake that often defines village life.
The Spanish Islamic missionaries arrived in 1995, amid turmoil caused by rebellion a year earlier by the mostly Maya Zapatista National Liberation Army. Starting slowly, the Spaniards began speaking about Islam to any Maya who would listen and wooing evangelical leaders.
The 300 Muslims in Chiapas join several hundred others sprinkled throughout this largely Catholic nation of 100 million, according to Omar Weston, director-general of the Muslim Center in Mexico City. That number pales in comparison to the estimarted 1 million in brazil and 300,000 in
Argentina.
Luiseno Language to be Taught
Teachers at the University of California, Riverside, have agreed to teach children at an Indian reservation their tribe's nearly extinct language. University educators will attempt to immerse children in their native language starting this summer. Only about 25 of the 1,400 members of the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians near Temecula are fluent in their native tongue.
The children will be taught their culture through songs, games and signs posted in both English and Luiseno at the tribe's education center. Adults who want to learn the language also will be included in the program. OC Register, 6-13-02
Dying Languages
There are thousands of languages in the world, but most of them have few speakers compared with the major tongues. Some experts predict that between 50 and 90 percent of the world's languages will become extinct this century. Languages need at least 100,000 speakers to survive.
Han - - Canada
The influx of outsiders during the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898 led to the Canada language's decline.
Katukina - - Brazil
Only one native speaker remains among the 300 or so Katukina left in five villages.
Pawanee - - United States
Population was reduced by war and disease in the 1800s. Four speakers survive.
Taushiro - - Peru
Few speakers remain. It's one of the only languages without consonant sounds like p, b, or m.
* Number of languages in the world: about 6,800
* Languages that are nearing extinction: 372
* Languages that die out each year: 10
* Percentage of world's languages spoken by 10,000 or fewer people: 50%
* Languages with fewer than 10 speakers: 184
U.S. News and World Report, 7-2-01, pg. 9
Ancient 'engineering marvels'
Archaeologists have uncovered a sophisticated 2,000-year-old canal system and a huge pond dug by ancient American Indians near Lake Okeechobee in Florida. The elaborate 7 mile-long was used for fishing and for transportation around rapids that used to exist. The Caloosahatchee River runs from the lake to the Gulf of Mexico at Fort Myers.
Robert Carr, executive director for the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy in Miami called "engineering marvels." "This suggests one level of technological achievement that really has never been honored before, " said Carr. OC Register, 6-7-02
Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives and Records Administration Fall 1993, vol. 25, no. 3
http://www.nara.gov/publications/prologue/morrow.html
Indian Bounty Land Applications By Mary Frances Morrow
[[Go to the site for information on the researching sequence.]]
Finding records that will extend genealogical research back into the early nineteenth century for Indian ancestors can be quite challenging. Most tribal enrollment records and censuses taken by the Bureau of Indian Affairs do not begin until around 1880. The earliest federal censuses that mention Indians are the 1860, 1870, and 1880, and even these are sporadic. The 1900 federal census is the first one available that has a more systematic listing of residents of Indian reservations. Other records such as various applications taken for enrollment purposes after the Land Allotment Act of 1887 are a primary source of family history, and they often list parents and grandparents on earlier rolls. But tracing back into the early 1800s is very difficult because there are so few records containing kinship information and birth or death dates. What could you do, for example, if you know that your great-great-grandmother's name was Mary, she was probably Creek, you have no idea what her parents' names were, and you think she must have been a young girl in the 1850s? One possibility would be to search the bounty land warrant application files.
An act of March 3, 1855 (10 Stat. L. 701) extended military bounty land laws to Indians, entitling veterans from the Revolutionary War and the Indian Wars of 1818 and 1836 to warrants that could be exchanged for public lands. A few earlier acts had specified bounty lands for Indians, but this act marked the first time land was made available on a large scale.
Applications for Indian Bounty Lands
Applications were taken by Indian agents in the Indian Territory west of Arkansas in the years immediately following the act. The records are now a part of Record Group 15, Records of the Veterans Administration (entry 27 of Preliminary Inventory NM-22, "Case files of bounty land warrant applications of Indians based on service between 1812 and 1855"). They consist of forty-five boxes of envelopes, around a hundred per box. The envelopes are identified on the outside as "Bounty Land Files, Act of 1855." The name of the veteran is given, his grade, service date, company commander, tribal affiliation, and the warrant number and number of acres.
The applications have been arranged alphabetically by the name of the veteran. These names are primarily transcriptions of Indian names, such as In-to-yo-ye, Ish-tar-yi-see, or Soks-set-he-ne-ha. Whenever second names appear, the order is by the first name. For example, Ne-har-locco Harjo is filed under N.
Indian Territory Ancestry.com [[ Wonderful resources, but sometimes fees are involved.]]
1900 U.S. Federal Census • Indian Territory
http://www.ancestry.com/search/io/chooseco.asp?c=4&f7=IT
Please choose a county:
• Cherokee Nation • Modoc Nation • Seneca and Wyandotte Nations
• Chickasaw Nation • Ottawa Nation • Shawnee Nation
• Choctaw Nation • Quapaw and Peoria Nations
• Creek Nation • Seminole Nation
U.S. Federal Census Records – Counties
After separating the census records into groups by state, the federal government subdivided these records into county groups. Searching for an ancestor on the county level provides a smaller region for research if you remain uncertain about the specific township where your ancestor resided. Researchers should also be aware of boundary line or jurisdictional changes through time. These changes may affect where an ancestor was enumerated on the census, so it remains important to
search the counties surrounding the area where your ancestor lived.
Indian Census Rolls http://www.nara.gov/genealogy/m595.html 1885-1940 Updated 12-7-01
NARA microfilm publication Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 (692 rolls) contains census rolls that were usually submitted each year by agents or superintendents in charge of Indian reservations, as required by an act of July 4, 1884 (23 Stat. 98). The data on the rolls vary to some extent, but usually given are the English and/or Indian name of the person, roll number, age or date of birth, sex, and relationship to head of family.
Beginning in 1930, the rolls also show the degree of Indian blood, marital status, ward status, place of residence, and sometimes other information. For certain years--including 1935, 1936, 1938, and 1939--only supplemental rolls of additions and deletions were compiled. Most of the 1940 rolls have been retained by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and are not included in this publication.
There is not a census for every reservation or group of Indians for every year. Only persons who maintained a formal affiliation with a tribe under federal supervision are listed on these census rolls.
Use the NARA Archival Information Locator (NAIL) to learn which NARA units which have copies of this microfilm publication. [[692 rolls are compiled by date, location and tribe name.]]
These 6 Messages are gleaned from Indigenous Peoples Literature during the month of June.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/indigenous_peoples_literature/messages
Today in History, June 13, 1660 - Wamsetta
Wamsetta, a Wampanoag, and his younger brother, Metacomet (various spellings), have requested "English" names from the Plymouth court. Today, their names will be officially be changed to Alexander and Philip Pokanoket. Philip would eventually be called "King Philip".
Phil Konstantin's website, http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/ "Neshoba" ozi@ozramp.net.au
Today in History, June 21, 1674
Chatot Indians have a mission established for them today west of the Apalachicola River.
From Phil Konstantin's website, http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/
Source: "Neshoba" ozi@ozramp.net.au On This Day In History: June 21, 1674 - Chatot
From http://seminolewar.freeservers.com/counties/c1howaby.html
The Choctawhatchee River was inhabited by early Floridians for thousands of years before the Spanish arrived. The Spanish mentioned Chatot or Chacato Indians who lived in the area. At first the Chatot resisted Spanish influence, but later many converted and settled around the Spanish mission at San Luis, south of Tallahassee. They were driven away or captured as slaves during English raids between 1695 to 1705. It is said that the Chatot were related to the Choctaws. After English South Carolina Governor Moore's raids around 1700, the Chatot moved to Mobile, and then to eastern Texas or Oklahoma.
From http://www.choctawindian.com/
The Choctaw Indian Nation, a Muskogean tribe also known as Chakchiuma, or Chatot, traces its roots to the Mississippi Valley and some parts of Alabama.
http://www.hiddenhistory.com/PAGE3/swsts/florida1.htm
Chatot. Meaning unknown, the forms of this word greatly resemble the synonyms of the name Choctaw. Connections.-The language spoken by this tribe belonged, undoubtedly, to the southern division of the Muskhogean stock. Location.-West of Apalachicola River, perhaps near the middle course of the Chipola. (See also Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana).
Villages: From the names of two Spanish missions among them it would appear that there were at least two towns in early times, one called Chacato, after the name of the tribe, and the other Tolentino.
History.-The Chatot are first mentioned in a Spanish document of 1639 in which the governor of Florida congratulates himself on having consummated peace between the Chatot, Apalachicola, and Yamasee on one side and the Apalachee on the other. This, he says, "is an extraordinary thing, because the aforesaid Chacatos never maintained peace with anybody."
In 1674 the two missions noted above were established among these people, but the following year the natives rebelled. The disturbance was soon ended by the Spanish officer Florencia, and the Chatot presently settled near the Apalachee town of San Luis, mission work among them being resumed.
In 1695, or shortly before, Lower Creek Indians attacked this mission, plundered the church, and carried away 42 Christianized natives. In 1706 or 1707, following on the destruction of the Apalachee towns, the Chatot and several other small tribes living near it were attacked and scattered or carried off captive, and the Chatot fled to Mobile, where they were well received by Bienville and located on the site of the present city of Mobile. When Bienville afterward moved the seat of his government to this place he assigned to them land on Dog River by way of compensation. After Mobile was ceded to the English in 1763 the Chatot, along with a number of other small tribes near Hak City, moved to Louisiana.
They appear to have settled first on Bayou Boeuf and later on Sabine River. Nothing is heard of them afterward though in 1924 some old Choctaw remembered their former presence on the Sabine. The remnant may have found their way to Oklahoma.
Excerpt from Lee Sultzman's study of the Wampanoag, at
http://www.tolatsga.org/wampa.html ndigenous_peoples_literature@yahoogroups.com
By 1665 Native Americans in southern New England were simply in the way. The English no longer needed their wilderness skills to survive, and fishing and other commerce had largely replaced the fur and wampum trade which had been the mainstays of the colonial economy during the early years. While there was nothing to equal the devastation of 1614-20, the native population had
continued to decline from continuing epidemics: 1633, 1635, 1654, 1661 and 1667. The Puritans' "humane" solution to this after 1640 was the missionary work of John Eliot and others to convert the native population. How "humane" these efforts actually were is a matter of opinion. Converts were settled in small communities of "Praying Indians" at Natick, Nonantum, Punkapog, and other locations. Natives even partially resistant to the Puritan version of Christianity were unwelcome. Attendance at church was mandatory, clothing and hair changed to proper colonial styles, and even a hint of traditional ceremony and religion was grounds for expulsion. Tribal culture and authority disintegrated in the process.
Even Massasoit fell in with the adoption of English customs and before his death in 1661, petitioned the General Court at Plymouth to give English names to his two sons. The eldest Wamsutta was renamed Alexander, and his younger brother Metacomet became Philip. Married to Queen Weetamoo of Pocasset, Alexander became grand sachem of the Wampanoag upon the death of
his father. The English were not pleased with his independent attitude, and invited him to Plymouth for "talks." After eating a meal in Duxbury, Alexander became violently ill and died. The Wampanoag were told he died of a fever, but the records from the Plymouth Council at the time make note of an expense for poison "to rid ourselves of a pest." The following year Metacomet (Wewesawanit) succeeded his murdered brother as grand sachem of the Wampanoag eventually becoming known to the English as King Philip.
TEXAS
Hispanic Genealogy Conference 2002
Preserving Your Historic Records
Texas' fight for independence site
First Families of Bexar County
Seguin Descendants Historical Preservation List of Burials in the Texas State Cemetery
The Old 300 Genealogical Database
Chronicle Teams Up With The Houston Calendar
The Index to Texas Probate Records
Shantytown near the Mexican border
Hispanic Genealogy Conference 2002 ttp://hometown.aol.com/barzon1492/myhomepage/index.html
Art Garza, 972-841-9455 AGarza0972@aol.com Sent by George Gause ggause@panam.edu
Preserving Your Historic Records: An Archival Holdings Maintenance Workshop
July 9, 2002, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Baugh Hall, South Texas Archives, Texas A&M-Kingsville
This workshop covers the basics of proper care and storage of archives and manuscript collections. The session address the inherent chemical instability of books and paper, photographs, negatives and motion pictures and microfilm; environmental factors including temperature and relative humidity guidelines and monitoring, light, air quality, mold & pests; selection of folders, boxes and other housing materials; providing storage for oversized materials, maps and photographs; proper handling practices; reformatting and microfilm. The workshop will include demonstrations of encapsulation, removal of fasteners, and dry surface cleaning of documents. Participants are urged to bring sample problems for hands-on demonstration.
of techniques for care.
Free to all who pre-Register. Sponsored by South Texas Archives & Special Collections, James C. Jernigan Library, Texas A&M University - Kingsville. Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities
To Register Contact: Cecilia Aros Hunter, kacah00@tamuk.edu
South Texas Archives & Special Collections
Sent by George Gause, ggause@panam.edu
A test dig unearths a crucial site in Texas' fight for independence
Extract of article by Cindy Horswell, Houston Chronicle, 6-10-02
http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/story.hts/metropolitan/1446669 Extensive article with photos
In a test dig sponsored by Chambers County with a $35,000 grant, the group unearthed the bases of the 4-foot-thick brick walls that formed the foundation of Fort Anahuac.
The fort, built by Mexico in 1830 on a bluff overlooking the mouth of the Trinity River, is considered by some historians the site where the first shots of the Texas Revolution were fired.
The importance of Fort Anahuac in the drive for Texas' independence has long been overlooked, said County Judge Jimmy Sylvia.
"I'm hoping this test dig helps put Fort Anahuac in the history books where it belongs," he said. "It's never gotten the recognition it deserves."
The excavation is the first step in the county's plan to build a nearby replica of the fort to help show its significance in Texas history, said the county judge.
The fortress, named after an ancient capital of the Aztecs, was used by Mexico to collect customs from cargo ships in the Galveston Bay area and enforce a new law curtailing further Anglo-American settlement in the area, records show.
Sent by George Gause Source: Gonzalez, Fabian FGonzalez@tmw.com
First Families of Bexar County as of 2001, sent by Arturo Villegas Ynclan
Ancestor
Date in
Bexar Co.
Born-Died
Spouse
Bexar First Families number
Ximenes, Santiago
Ximenes, Santiago
Ximenes, Santiago
Ximenes, Santiago
Ximenes, Santiago
Joseph Urrutia
Joseph Urrutia
Juana Urrutia
Juana Urrutia
Ynclan/Inclan, Ignacio
Ynclan/Inclan, Ignacio
Ruiz, Jose Antonio
Leal, Jose Miguel C.
Seguin, Maria Ysavel
Casanova, Maria A.
Leal, Jose Maria
Ruiz, Maria Sinforosa 1718
1718
1718
1718
1718
1733
1733
1735
1735
1735
1735
1775
1781
1791
1791-2
1812
1817
c1678/1741
c1678/1741
1709/-
1709/-
-/c1745
-/c1745
1775/1846
1771
1791
1791-2/-
1812/-
1817/1875 Maria de Vega
Maria de Vega
Maria de Vega
Maria de Vega
Maria de Vega
Rosa Flores-Valdez
Rosa Flores-Valdez
Ignacio Ynclan/Inclan
Ignacio Ynclan/Inclan
Juana Urrutia
Juana Urrutia
Maria Ysabel Seguin
Maria A. Casanova
Jose Antonio Ruiz
Jose Miguel C. Leal
Maria Sinforosa Ruiz
Jose Maria Leal
Jesse Rodriguez/24
William N. Rodriguez/25
Chad Allen Rodriguez/26
James T. Rodriguez/27
Kathleen M. Rodriguez/28
John David Inclan/35
Arturo Villegas Ynclan/30
John David Inclan/35
Arturo Villegas Ynclan/30
John David Inclan/35
Arturo Villegas Ynclan/30
Edith Ann Rooney/34
Edith Ann Rooney/34
Edith Ann Rooney/34
Edith Ann Rooney/34
Edith Ann Rooney/34
Edith Ann Rooney/34
Seguin Descendants Historical Preservation http://www.seguindescendantshp.com
This is San Jacinto day 2002 http://www.seguindescendantshp.com/San%20Jacinto.htm
Here we were in the Cesar Chavez Parade 2002, http://www.seguindescendantshp.com/cesar.htm
This is the signed Bill for the Juan N. Seguin Memorial Interchange.Highway Project,
http://www.seguindescendantshp.com/Highway%20Project.htm
These pictures are from the 2002 Cinco De Mayo Additional Cinco De Mayo
http://www.seguindescendantshp.com/Additional%20Cinco%20De%20Mayo%20Pictures.htm
The purpose of our organization is to promote the memory of Col. Juan N. Seguin across Texas, and to inform the public at large about other Tejano heroes that have been forgotten in Texas history. We feel that the name of Col. Juan N. Seguin should be known as well as other Texas heroes like Gen.Sam Houston, William Travis, Stephen F. Austin, and James Bowie. Col. Seguin was the only Tejano to have fought both at the Alamo and at the Battle of San Jacinto. He was ready to put his life on the line for freedom and victory over a tyrant. He fought for all Texans and we can thank him today for our ability to enjoy the freedom he fought for.
Too often in our Texas history some names have been remembered, while others who fought as valiantly as those, have been ignored or forgotten. Hopefully this site will be a teaching aid and learning tool for everyone to understand how the Tejano played a big part in Texas history.
Sent by Angel Seguin Garcia
Master List of Burials in the Texas State Cemetery
http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/database.htm
Can be searched by name, by map, by administration, by affiliation. Sent by Johanna de Soto
The Old 300 Genealogical Database Brazoria County Museum Genealogy Page http://www.bchm.org/Gene/gene.html
The "Old 300" database actually includes a core listing of all settlers who had received land grants in Austin's Colony by the eve of the war for independence from Mexico. Over time, this list will be expanded to include ancestors and descendants of those settlers. If you are related to one or more members of the core group and have information about your ancestors, please share it with the Museum at jmurray@bchm.org so that it can be added to this listing.
Access an alphabetical index of the people, index of last names, or search for a specific name.
The Chronicle Teams Up With The Houston Calendar
The Houston Chronicle and The Houston Calendar have teamed up to provide Houstonians with a Calendar of Events known as ¡Vivelo!, a 4-page color magazine style shared insert. The Houston Chronicle will print & distribute 100,000 copies once a month in predominantly Latino areas of town.
There is no charge to submit an event for this calendar. Events must benefit a non-profit organization. If you have a July through December event(s) that you wish to submit for our first issue of ¡Vivelo!, please do so by Tuesday, June 4, 2002, by emailing me at thehoucal@cs.com or you may contact me at 713 813-9158. No late submissions will be posted. To view the format the event must be submitted in, go to http://www.thehoustoncalendar.com and click on the June calendars.
Thank you for being part of The Houston Calendar, Ben Mendez, Ben1790@cs.com
The Index to Texas Probate Records http://three-legged-willie.org/texas.htm
A W.P.A. project of the 1940's generated indexes for probate records housed in at least 30 Texas counties. The purpose of this project is to bring the data from all 30 county indexes together into one alphabetical listing. Over 26,000 probate cases from eleven Texas counties are now available at this web site; these records represent about 45% of the total project. I expect the entire project to be online by May 2002.
Shantytown near the Mexican border is among United States' poorest communities
Extract from article by LYNN BREZOSKY, Associated Press Writer, OC Register, 6-7-02
CAMERON PARK, Texas - The poorest community in the United States is a cluster of shacks stretching for miles (kilometers) near the Mexican border, new census figures show. Among places with 1,000 households or more, Cameron Park ranks dead last in the country in median per-capita income, at dollars 4,103 a year.
Some 1,800 colonias, or shantytowns that developed without services like water or sewers, have emerged along the Texas-Mexico border. They started in the late 1960s and early 1970s with landowners offering mostly poor Mexican immigrants land on easy terms.
It has been against the law since 1995 to sell unimproved land for housing. A constitutional amendment passed last November authorized up to 175 million dollars in state bonds to build or improve roads and drainage. And the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (news - web sites) has offered low-cost financing to build homes.
Services have improved, the new sidewalks means children can walk to the bus on rainy days without having to wrap garbage bags around their shoes. Most of the homes have indoor plumbing. At a community center, families now are matched with food stamps and other public assistance programs. There are English classes, and a new computer center is under construction.
People are staying and building homes. It's part of the mindset they brought with them from Mexico." Rendon said. "A person doesn't have anything unless you have property and your own home."
EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI
Daily Picayune
City of Natchitoches
Historical Cities of Louisiana Texas Seaport Museum
Descendants of French Colonists
Daily Picayune http://www.pt5dome.com/timespic1849.html
The website has a ship passenger lists which have been copied from microfilmed copies of the Daily Picayune newspaper, published in New Orleans, Louisiana. Every effort was made to make an accurate transcription. If you wish to check the accuracy of a surname, send an email and a check will be made. I will also email you a scanned copy of the original newspaper article for your records (.bmp format only).
Although Spanish surname passengers are few, scanning is quick and a family name may be found, such as the Francisco Emanuel de Rodrigues in the following ship record.
The Daily Picayune, New Orleans, January 17, 1849. - The following is a sampling from the list of passengers on the ship Architect, that arrived in San Francisco, June 28, 1849:
Amelung, L. F.
Bathwell, Wm.
Bordon, Robt.
Caldwell, Chas. B., and lady
Carnet, J.
Colton, Geo. A. Converse, J. C.
Cox, M. T.
Crow, John
Danby, L. J.
de Rodrigues, Francisco Emanuel
Sent by Johanna de Soto
Historical Cities of Louisiana
City of Natchitoches
Considered the oldest town in Louisiana, Natchitoches was chosen as the site for a French military post in 1714, although according to legend, the area was first settled by Canary Islanders in 1691. Natchitoches was the hub of French operations in the area, and acted as a buffer against the Spanish at Los Adaes. After the Spanish took control of the area in 1763, they retained the French officers and Natchitoches remained an important trading post for trade with the Indians.
Los Adaes
Believed to be the site of the first Spanish settlement in Louisiana, the Spanish established the mission San Miguel of los Adaes in 1717 to spread Christianity to the Adaes Indians and to protect against the French in Natchitoches. Although the French 5took the mission in 1719, the Spanish returned in 1721, and Los Adaes served as the capital of the Spanish province of Texas for many years. The threat of French Natchitoches was removed in 1762, when Spain acquired Louisiana, so the capital was moved to San Antonio, and the town of Los Adaes was ordered to be destroyed. Not wanting to return to San Antonio, many Adaesaños established new towns in the area, such as Zwolle and Ebarb, whose founder was former Los Adaes resident Gil Y'Barbo.
El Camino Real
Also known as the Old San Antonio road, El Camino Real connected the Spanish territory in Texas with the territory in Louisiana during the Co9lonial period and into the 19th century. Following a well-worn buffalo path, El Camino Real connected Natchitoches in Louisiana with Nacogdoches, San Antonio and other smaller settlements in Texas. The Old San Antonio Road served as the principal route for American going into Texas during the 1820s and 12830. Today, the route of the Old San Antonio road can be followed from Natchitoches along LA 6 through the Old Neutral Ground, past Fort Jesup and Los Adaes, to Many and on into Texas.
¿Cómo se dice Luisiana? a guide to Louisiana's Hispanic Heritage, Office of Tourism
Sent by Bill Carmena
Texas Seaport Museum, Galveston Immigration Database http://tsm.pearland.com/default.htm
What information is provided? The database includes names of passengers and members of their traveling parties, age, gender, occupation, country (or area) of origin, ship name, dates of departure, original port of their departure, date of arrival, and destination in the United States as well as the source of the information listed. In all, the names of 132,119 passengers from the period of roughly 1844-1954 have been entered. There was a total of 83,072 pages of input with a total of 50,371 different last names. The largest single last name was Schmidt with 540 people with that last name. 27 names had 100 or more people with that last name. Over 2% of the records have neither a departure nor an arrival date. There are about 810 different ports of origin for the ships coming to Galveston. 33 of the ports of origin had 100 or more family arrivals into Galveston. However the majority (71%) of the immigrants to Galveston had Bremen, Germany as the port of origin. The largest single destination was Galveston (with over 14,000 families), but more that 13,000 families do not list a destination. Other high number destinations include Houston, San Antonio, Ft. Worth, San Francisco, Los Angles, Kansas City, Dallas, New Orleans, Beaumont and New York (in THAT order). There was a total of almost 5,000 different destinations in the 83,000 families. There is a lot of information in the database, it just takes time and thought to evaluate what is there.
Sent by Johanna de Soto
Genealogy for the Descendants of French Colonists of North America
This site provides tidbits of information about colonists of New-France and their descendants from 1534 to 1899, in the form of passenger lists, places of origin, activities, maps, military rolls, people who took part in some historical events,etc. This may help learning about your ancestors
New France: http://home.primus.ca/~lmrobert/index.html Sent by Johanna de Soto
EAST COAST
North Carolina is working hard to integrate Hispanic students
Extract of article by Rhona Statland de Lopez, The News Columnist - 6/2/2002
During the past ten years, North Carolina has become a magnet for Mexican immigration. The South had a booming economy during the 1990's and, as a result, the number of Mexicans coming into the state increased 400 percent during that decade.
North Carolina has welcomed Mexican immigrants with open arms, finding them to be diligent and dedicated workers. The problem is that the state knew very little about Mexico and didn't know where to begin to help Mexicans integrate into the educational system.
Few educators in the North Carolina school system speak Spanish and although they were happy to accept Mexican children into the public schools, they didn't quite know how to go about it. "Mexican parents who didn't speak English would drop their child at the door of the elementary school," says Cliff Dodson, Superintendent of Buncombe County Schools. "We had a difficult time communicating with the child and decided that we needed to learn more about Mexico."
The University of North Carolina's Center for International Understanding (NCCIU) is making it possible for educators to do just that. For the past several years, the Center has provided educators the opportunity to learn about Mexico by actually visiting the country for a two week period.
They stay with host families, usually relatives of Mexicans who have made their home in North Carolina. They get to hear lectures about Mexican education which prepare them for actual school visits. The teachers have the opportunity to meet with their Mexican counterparts and learn as much as they can about the educational system Mexican children in North Carolina were used to.
When asked why North Carolinians would be so proactive about welcoming Mexicans into their state and their schools, Winifred Ernst explained, "North Carolina wants to be diverse but strong and united as well."
We would hope that North Carolina continues its outstanding initiative which is being talked about as a possible pilot program for other states encountering similar challenges with their new
Mexican population.
(Rhona Statland de López is author of the book, "Beyond the Blackboard", and a consultant to organizations interested in education in Mexico. With a master´s degree in Educational Administration, she has been a primary school principal and has taught in several bilingual
schools in Mexico. She was also in-house education expert on Express Radio 590, Mexico´s English-speaking radio station. For further information contact her at statland@avantel.net).
Sent by Zeke Hernandez zekeher@juno.com
MEXICO
Good News: Guadalajara Censuses Project,
New Juárez High School, Brightest students
Adopt a Community - One to Three Plan Mexican Archives, Benson Latin American Collection
Monografia Municipal, Ahualulco
San Miguel el Grande, Los Berver y Vargas
Good News: Guadalajara Censuses Project, 1791-1930
Dr. Rodney Anderson writes that the project has received a National Endowment for the Humanities Grant of $166,838 to continue the project through 2003. The basic objective will be to add to the database 77,666 individuals from the Guadalajara population censuses of 1791, 1811, 1813-14, 1824, and 1838-42.
The entire database and documentation will be available in English and Spanish on Inter- university Consortium for Political and Social Research web site. http://www.fsu.edu/~guadalaj
For questions, contact Dr. Anderson at randerso@mailer.fsu.edu
New Juárez High School to Accept City's Brightest Students
El Diario, Article by Horacio Carrasco Soto frontera@nmsu.edu (Frontera) 6-14-02
In August, Ciudad Juarez's 120 best junior-high graduates will begin taking classes at a new high school intended to prepare them to attend the world's best universities, said José Reyes Ferriz, Cd. Juárez interim mayor.
In addition to the usual high school subjects taught in Cd. Juárez, the Preparatoria Central will offer a program heavy in English, business classes, and computer and technology instruction.
There will be a computer for each student that attends the school and class periods will be longer than at other schools. Intensive English will also be part of the school's program.
Students will receive a scholarship equivalent to US$100 per month and will be served two meals a day. Students will not have to pay the usual registration fees and will receive all their school supplies for free. The director of the school will be Alfredo Cervantes García, former head
of the Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez.
ADOPT A COMMUNITY: Three to One Program
90 Communities
with High Migration
and Poverty Levels
COAHUILA
1. Viesca
COLIMA
2. Cuauhtémoc
CHIAPAS
3. La Grandeza
4. Ocosingo
CHIHUAHUA
5. Balleza
6. Batopilas
7. Guadalupe y Calvo
DURANGO
8. El Mezqauital
9. Otaez
ESTADO DE MÉXICO
10. Sultepec
GUANAJUATO
11. Allende
12. Moroleón
13. Ocampo
14. Santiago Maravatio
15. Uriangato
GUERRERO
16. Ajuchitlan del Progreso
17. General Canuto A. Neri
18. Olinala
19. Pedro Ascencio Alquisiras
20. San Miguel Totolapan
HIDALGO
21. Atlapexco
22. La Misión
23. Nicolas Flores
24. Pacula
25. San Bartolo Tutotepec
26. Xochiatipan
JALISCO
27. Atenguillo
28. Bolaños
29. Cuquio
30. Chapala
31. Chimaltitan
32. Huejucar
33. Huejuquilla el Alto
34. Jilotlan de los Dolores
35. Manuel M. Diegues
36. Mezquitic
37. San Cristóbal de la Barranca
38. Yahualica de González Gallo
MICHOACÁN
39. Aguililla
40. Aquila
41. Carácuaro
42. Jiménez
43. Jiquilpan
44. Nocupetaro
45. Susupuato
46. Tangancicuaro
47. Tepalcatepec
48. Tinguindín
49. Tzitzio
50. Villamar
NAYARIT
51. Ixtlán del Río
52. Nayar
NUEVO LEON
53. Agualeguas
54. General Bravo
OAXACA
55. Coicoyán de las Flores
56. San Miguel Tlacotepec
57. San Pedro Mártir Yucuxaco
58. San Simón Zahuatlán
59. Santiago Juxtlahuaca
60. Santiago Tilantongo
61. Santa Inés de Zaragoza PUEBLA
62. Ahuatlán
63. Ajalpan
64. Coatzingo
65. Eloxochitlán
66. Pahuatlán
67. San Diego La Meza
Tochimiltzingo
68. Tenampulco
QUERETARO
69. Pional de Amoles
70. Landa de Matamoros
SAN LUIS POTOSI
71. Aquismón
72. Guadalcazar
73. Moctezuma
74. Santa Catarina
SONORA
75. Agua Prieta
76. Quirriego
TAMAULIPAS
77. Camargo
VERACRUZ
78. Chicontepec
79. Soteapan
80. Tantoyuca
81. Zongolica
ZACATECAS
82. Apulco
83. Atolinga
84. Trinidad Garcia de la Cadena
85. General Joaquin Amaro
86. Huanusco
87. Juchipila
88. Tepetongo
89. Valparaíso
90. Villanueva
Mexican Archives at the Benson Latin American Collection
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/benson/Mex_Archives/Collection_list.html
There are over 100 collections. This is an example of just one of the holdings for an individual. Not all include the chronology. The earliest date is 1547. Please send comments. Questions are welcomed. Send to the Benson Latin American Collection at: blac@lib.utexas.edu or call the Rare Books and Manuscripts section at (512) 495-4578. In the body of your message, include your name, your e-mail address, and your post office address (street, city, ZIP code, etc.).
Por favor envíe preguntas sobre estas colecciones a: blac@lib.utexas.edu o llame a la sección de Libros Raros y Manuscritos al (512) 495-4578. Incluya en el texto de su mensaje su nombre, su dirección electrónica, y su dirección de correo (calle, ciudad, código postal, etc.).
Benson Latin American Collection, Rare Books and Manuscripts Inventory
Juan Pablo Anaya Papers Prepared by the Mexican Archives Project November 1994
The Juan Pablo Anaya Papers form part of the Genaro García Collection, which was purchased by the University of Texas in 1921 from the heirs of Genaro García. The papers were described by the Benson Latin American Collection's Mexican Archives Project in November 1993.
The physical extent of the papers is eight inches. The papers are in Spanish, and are also available on microfilm. The suggested citation for the papers is "Juan Pablo Anaya Papers, 1810-1911, Benson Latin American Collection, General Libraries, University of Texas at Austin."
Biographical Sketch: General and politician. Born 1785 in Lagos, Jalisco; died 1850 in Mexico City. Veteran of the Mexican War of Independence; aided the United States against the British in Carolina. Deputy to the national congress (1821). General Brigada de los Ejércitos Nacionales (1824). Comandante General for Chiapas (1828). Brigadier General and General de Division (1832). Ministro de Guerra (January 8-30, 1833) in the administration of president Gómez Pedraza. Governor of Tabasco (Nov. 17, 1840-Dec. 6, 1840). Comandante General de Sinaloa and Sonora (1847). Jefe del Ejército del Ocidente (1847). Involved with construction of a railroad from Mexico City to Veracruz (1848). Relieved of command December 27, 1848, and became subject of investigation concerning his reduction of the customs tax.
Scope and Contents Note: Correspondence, printed materials, financial and legal documents, and literary productions concerning Anaya's military and political career. Papers of his wife, Mercedes Jaime de Aguirre, and daughter, Gila Anaya, include correspondence, financial, and legal documents, mostly relating to Anaya's military pension. Newspaper clippings concern the construction of the railroad from Mexico City to Veracruz.
Chronology
1785 Born in Lagos, Jalisco
1810 joined with Hidalgo and Allende, War of Mexican Independence
1813 named General
1813 commissioned to go to U.S., where he asked for military supplies and recognition of the Mexican independence movement
1814 aids U.S. against British in Carolina
1815 struggle for independence of Carolina
1815 in New Orleans for recognition of Mexican flag by U.S.
1820 prisoner of war of Juan Dominguez
1821 joined Iguala Plan; Deputy to first Congress; made Brigadier General
1822 still Deputy; imprisoned and sentenced to death in Guadalajara
1822/24 Diputado por Guadalajara
1824 married Doña Mercedes Jaime de Aguirre
1824 General Brigada de los Ejércitos Nacionales
1826 made General de Division
1828 Comandante General for Chiapas
1829 Comandante General for Chiapas
1832 appointed Major General
1832 received rank of Brigadier General and Divisionario
Minister of War in the Gómez Pedraza administration
1832/33 General de Division
1833 Minister of War, January 8-30
1834 Iguala, persecutions
1835 exiled
1840 Governor of Tabasco, Nov. 17, 1840-Dec. 6, 1840
1839 engaged in interterritorial Mexican battles; various states
1847 Commander General of Sinaloa
1848 railroad to Veracruz from Mexico City
1849 made Comandante General de Sinaloa
1849 transferred for his position and brought to trial for having lowered the customs tax by one-half without proper authority
1850 died in Mexico City
Sources: Porrúa; Juan Pablo Anaya Papers
Subgroups and Series: The Juan Pablo Anaya Papers were arranged into two subgroups by the staff of the Mexican Archives Project. One subgroup was formed around Anaya and the other around his family. The subgroups were organized into series by document format. The total extent of the papers is eight inches.
I. Juan Pablo Anaya
Correspondence, 1822-1851, 2.5 inches. Subunits/folder titles include general correspondence (1822-1851), Sonora Treasury Department (1845), Comandante General de Sinaloa y Sonora (1847-1848), customs tax investigation (1848-1849), and registers of correspondence (1847-1848).
Printed material, 1821-1851, 2 folders plus oversized. Includes newspapers and clippings (1830-1851) and broadsides and circulars (1821-1833).
Financial documents, 1849, 1 folder. Consists of receipts and an undated list.
Literary Productions, 1841 and undated, 1 folder. Contains autobiographical material, reports, speeches, and research notes.
Legal Documents, 1818-1849, 3 folders. Includes certificates (1824-1850), declarations and statements (1818-1848), and decrees and orders (1833-1835).
Sueldos y alcances, 1823-1855, 1 folder.
II. Anaya Family
Correspondence, 1886-1899, 1 folder.
Printed Material, 1861-1911, 1 folder.
Financial Documents, 1856-1895, 1 folder.
Legal Documents, 1850-1897, 1 folder. Sent by Johanna de Soto
MONOGRAFIA MUNICIPAL, AHUALULCO
por
Inocencio Noyola
Ubicación geográfica.
El municipio de Ahualulco del Sonido 13 se localiza hacia el norponiente de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí; está limitado por los municipios de Mexquitic, Moctezuma y el de la capital, y por el estado de Zacatecas. Según el censo de 1990 cuenta con 67 localidades y con una población de 18,117 habitantes. Los principales lugares, aparte de la cabecera municipal (2545 habs.), son Cerrito de Rojas (1075 habs.), Paso Bonito (862), San Juan de Coyotillos (715), Ejido del Centro (698), Santa Teresa (622), Cerrito Blanco (539), La Encarnación (537), Yerbabuena (507), Colonia de la Cruz (497), San Salvador (478), Estación Ipiña (458), y Barrancas (450), entre otros. Su territorio comprende 681.6 km2.
Hacinenda
de Pozo de Acuña
Pueblo Fantosma
Photos: Caja de Agua San Luis Potosí
Archivo Historico del Estado, Lic. Antonio Rocha Arista, 400 Esq. con Independencia, Tel 4-26-69
Historia.
Los inicios: 1590-1786. Hacia el siglo XVI, el actual territorio del municipio de Ahualulco estuvo habitado por indios guachichiles, quienes poseían una cultura basada en la casa y en la recolección de frutos y semillas silvestres. Debido a que practicaban un nomadismo relativo, los guachichiles no dejaron rastros notorios de su cultura, salvo puntas de flecha y dibujos en cuevas que se localizan en varios lugares del municipio.
Después de la fundación de Zacatecas en 1548 los españoles comenzaron a explorar la región donde se ubica Ahualulco. No obstante estas exploraciones y debido a la guerra entre guachichiles y españoles, estos últimos se establecieron hacia fines del siglo XVI, al fundarse los pueblos de Mexquitic (1591) y de San Luis Potosí (1592). Las primeras mercedes de tierras para la creación de haciendas se dieron por estas mismas fechas, lo que dio origen al surgimiento de haciendas tan importantes como La Parada y Bocas. Es posible que grupos indígenas de lengua náhuatl se establecieron en la región al ser colonizada por los españoles, pues Ahualulco significa "Rincón de encinos" en dicha lengua.
Precisamente, la historia de Ahualulco durante sus primeros doscientos años de vida está relacionada con la historia de estas dos haciendas. Gabriel Ortiz de Fuenmayor, protector de indios en la frontera chichimeca, solicitó hacia 1605 la merced de tierras que daría origen a La Parada. El lugar se hallaba en un lugar estratégico pues era paso obligado para los viajeros que iban de San Luis a Zacatecas. A esto se sumaba la existencia de dos ríos importantes y de los pocos que existían en la región, el de La Parada y el de Arenal que al unirse formaban el de Bocas. Además de ríos, el lugar contaba con buenas tierras para la producción de granos y, posiblemente, con bosques de encino en las serranías y abundante caza.
Al morir Ortiz de Fuenmayor, la hacienda pasó a la compañía de Jesús, hacia 1623, quien recién se había establecido en el pueblo de San Luis Potosí.
Para estos años la hacienda había crecido de 1756 a 13066 hectáreas. Los jesuitas fueron propietarios de la hacienda hasta su expulsión en 1767, pasando de aquí al gobierno y después al capitán Angel Prieto de la Maza en 1778. En esta época la hacienda había crecido pues ocupaba un área de 34,526 hec.
Pero la hacienda no solo creció en extensión, pues durante el tiempo en que los jesuitas fueron propietarios se habían creado ranchos dependientes de la hacienda donde se ubicaban algunas actividades como la destilación de mezcal y carboneras. Estos ranchos y rancherías darían origen a algunas de las localidades actuales del municipio.
La hacienda de Bocas también fue producto de la merced de tierras concedidas a Gabriel Ortiz de Fuenmayor. Al igual que en La Parada, Bocas creció en población, en ranchos y en dependencias. Tal fue el caso de la fundación realizada por la obra pía creada por el doctor José de Torres y Vergara, y propietaria de la hacienda, hacia fines del siglo XVIII (1799), la cual dio origen a Ahualulco, la hacienda de Bocas pasó a ser propiedad del Conde Peñasco, quien respeto las concesiones hechas a los habitantes de Ahualulco sobre posesión de tierras. Durante este tiempo que va desde mediados del siglo XVI hasta 1786, los asuntos de La Parada, y, por ende, de Ahualulco se resolvían en tierra de Pinos y en Guadalajara aunque estuviera cerca de San Luis Potosí. Esto se debía a que el río de La Parada servía de limite entre las audiencias de Guadalajara y de México, además de que el territorio pertenecía a la alcaldía de Sierra de Pinos (razón por la cual durante mucho tiempo se le llamó Ahualulco de Pinos para diferenciarlo de otros Ahualulcos establecidos en Zacatecas y Jalisco).
Entre 1786 y 1857. A partir de 1786 la alcaldía de Sierra de Pinos desaparece y se integra a Zacatecas, pasando Ahualulco y La Parada a formar parte de la intendencia y posteriormente estado de Zacatecas. Es entre estos años y hasta 1857 que Ahualulco perteneció a este estado. En este año y debido a ala constitución de 1857, Ahualulco se integra a San Luis regresa el municipio de Ojocaliente a Zacatecas.
Poco se sabe que pasó entre estos años en que Ahualulco perteneció a Zacatecas. Aunque no se sabe en que año pasó Bocas de manos del Conde Peñasco a las de Juan de Dios Pérez Gálvez, esto debió de ocurrir en las primeras décadas de vida independiente. El nuevo dueño no respetó las concesiones hechas a los campesinos desde el siglo XVIII y comenzó a cercar destruyendo las huertas de los habitantes de Ahualulco. Este hecho motivó que los campesinos se levantaran en armas, ante lo cual los gobiernos de los estados de Zacatecas y San Luis Potosí solicitaron al propietario dejara de hacer los cercados. Al morir Juan de Dios Pérez Gálvez, éste heredó a su hermana Francisca de Pérez Gálvez de Obregón, quien sostuvo un pleito contra los campesinos de Ahualulco por tierras. La nueva propietaria concedió un fundo legal de 620 varas por cada viento (una vara medía .84 mts.), lo que equivaldría a alrededor de un actual kilómetro cuadrado. Sin embargo, los habitantes de Ahualulco siguieron solicitando una dotación mayor supuestamente dada por el Conde de Peñasco, diecisiete veces más grande que el fundo legal concedido por Francisca de Pérez Gálvez. Aún después de haber pasado Ahualulco al estado de San Luis Potosí siguió el pleito por la tierra.
Este caso resulta importante de analizar con más detalle pero englobándolo dentro de un proceso mayor que se dio durante el siglo XIX, el cual fue la ocupación de tierras de las haciendas por grupos de campesinos que no eran propietarios de ellas, pues este mismo problema se dio en otros lugares del Estado, como Villa de Zaragoza, San Juan de Salinillas y la fracción de El Gallo (hoy Villa de Arriaga).
La ocupación de tierras y después la elevación del lugar a cabecera municipal con su dotación de fundo legal permitió a los campesinos adquirir tierras para sembrar y para pastoreo.
En el caso de La Parada, durante estos años (1786-1857), fue ocupada por los indios de Mezquitic durante la insurgencia, debido a que el nuevo propietario, Angel Prieto de la Maza, no respetó los acuerdos establecidos entre los indios y los jesuitas, adueñandose de las tierras que los primeros tenían arrendadas a los religiosos. Posteriormente, dejó de ser propiedad de Angel Prieto de la Maza para ser de Pantaleón Ipiña, vasco llegado a San Luis hacia fines del siglo XVIII. Después de dedicarse al comercio y de acumular riqueza, adquirió la hacienda en 1822 siendo su propietario hasta 1843 cuando la heredó a su viuda, Genoveva Vda. de Ipiña.
Parece ser que no todo fue tan malo para La Parada durante la insurgencia, pues también durante esta época se instauró una escuela de primeras letras para los trabajadores de la hacienda. Cuando Pantaleón Ipiña adquirió La Parada había un gravamen de dos mil pesos para pagar al maestro.
Durante el tiempo que la hacienda fue propiedad de Pantaleón Ipiña, se hicieron importantes mejoras, como fue la construcción de siete trojes con una capacidad de 50 mil fanegas de maíz, se construyeron varias presas sobre los ríos y fábricas de mezcal. A esto debe de sumarse el hecho de que el nuevo dueño adquirió otras propiedades para agrandar la hacienda. Algunos vecinos de Ahualulco llegaron incluso a vender tierras a Pantaleón Ipiña, quién además llegó a ser Presidente Municipal del pueblo.
Ahualulco; 1857-1921.
Este período de la historia del municipio de Ahualulco está marcado por dos hechos importantes. En 1857, como se ha indicado antes, el municipio dejó de ser de Zacatecas para incorporarse al estado de san Luis Potosí; y, en 1921 realizaron las primeras dotaciones de tierras ejidales en Coyotillos. Además, el 16 agosto de 1859 fue erigida en Villa.
Sin embargo, lo más importante que ocurrió en estos años de guerra entre liberales y conservadores, fue la batalla de Ahualulco ocurrida el 28 y 29 de septiembre de 1858 entre las fuerzas liberales comandadas por Santiago Vidaurri y las conservadoras dirigidas por el General Miguel Miramón quién, no obstante la superioridad numérica de los liberales ganó la batalla. También el 19 de julio de 1869 se pronunció en Ahualulco Mateo Regil y el comandante Teófilo Amaya en apoyo del ex-gobernador constitucional Juan Bustamante. Pocos días después los alzados, quienes no dieron a conocer plan alguno, fueron derrotados por el comandante Francisco Narváez.
Hacia 1883, el municipio formaba parte del Partido de San Luis Potosí (junto con los municipios de Armadillo, Juárez, Mezquitic, Pozos, San Luis, Soledad de Diez Gutiérrez, Villa de Arriaga y Zaragoza); y se dividió en nueve fracciones: Cerrito de Rojas, Cerrito Blanco, Coyotillo, Ochinillas, Parada, Puerto Becerro, San Salvador, Los Tomates y Santa Teresa. La cabecera se dividía en cuatro cuarteles y contaba con 1208 habs., y el municipio con 5827.
El paisaje y la economía del municipio cambió en 1889, pues el dos de junio se inauguró la línea del Ferrocarril Central Mexicano Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, construyéndose las estaciones de Arenal e Ipiña y, cerca de la cabecera, las de Ahualulco y El Corte.
En 1890, debido a formar parte del obispado de San Luis Potosí, el cuarto de Ahualulco fue visitado por el obispado Ignacio Montes de Oca y Obregón.
Hacia 1894 el territorio del municipio era cruzado por los caminos que iban de San Luis Potosí hacia Zacatecas y de La Parada a Charcas; la vía del Ferrocarril Central Mexicano Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí tocaba las estaciones de Ipiña y Arenal. Además, se producía mezcal en La Flor, Santa Teresa, Rosal y Arenal; el maíz, trigo, cebada, chile y otros productos se vendían en la ciudad de San Luis; había un molino de trigo en El Carmen; y los cueros y el sebo eran productos que se vendían en varios lugares, incluso fuera del Estado. Sobre el cauce de los ríos especialmente en el La Parada, se habían construido varias presas.
Al estallar el movimiento armado de 1910, el municipio fue escenario también de los sucesos. Ejemplo de ello fueron los asaltos a las haciendas de Bocas, La Parada y Cerro Prieto en febrero de 1913; el 29 de octubre del mismo año, nuevamente la hacienda de La Parada fue tomada por los revolucionarios. El municipio no escapa a los malos manejos de las elecciones en un estado anular las elecciones municipales 30 de octubre de 1916 por "defectuosos e irregulares", convocado a unas nuevas hasta el 24 de noviembre de 1917.
Los tiempos modernos: 1921-1993.
En esta periodización de la historia de Ahualulco hay que resaltar un hecho significativo: la dotación
de ejidos a diferentes lugares del municipio que carecían de tierras, lo cual significó también la desaparición de las grandes haciendas dominantes del paisaje y de la vida rural. Las primeras dotaciones se iniciaron en 1921 en Coyotillos y Tomates; entre este año y hasta 1937 se repartieron tierras en 1924 en Ipiña, San Juan, el Zapote, San Antonio y Cañada Grande; en 1925 en Santa Teresa; a Cerritos y Tulillo les correspondió en 1927; La Parada, San Juan de la Hija y Ahualulco en 1928; en 1934 en El Pedregal; Arenal de Morelos en 1935; Arenal en 1936 y en El Rosal en 1937.
ESTIRPE Y MAYORAZGO DE LOS BERVER Y VARGAS
DE SAN MIGUEL EL GRANDE DE LA NUEVA ESPAÑA
ESTUDIO HISTÓRICO-GENEALÓGICO
GUILLERMO PADILLA ORIGEL
padillaoguillermo@prodigy.net.mx
LEÓN, GTO. 12 DE JUNIO DE 2002
Este distinguido linaje, procedente del noreste de España, en el pueblo de San Feliú de Llobregat, provincia de Gerona ó Girona, en la región de Cataluña, se traslada una rama hacia la villa de Jerez de los Caballeros, en Extremadura, con el apellido inicial como "Berver" y fue hasta el siglo XVI cuando se empezó a usar el compuesto lo mas seguro desposados un o una " Berver " (escrito antiguamente así y después como "Verver" ) con un o una " Vargas", siendo en esa época muy usual ya que era importante no borrar el linaje de mayor influencia.
No se si existe el dato de cuando el primer " Berver y Vargas " , llegó a la Nueva España , pero posiblemente fue a fines del siglo XVI ó principios del XVII , radicaron en la capital del Virreinato varios años hasta por el año de 1705 , se avecindaron en la Villa de San Miguel el Grande (hoy de Allende , en el estado de Guanajuato), ya que Don Antonio de Berver y Vargas y Sierra, se casó con dama Sanmiguelense, y asentado en esa región logró incrementar considerablemente su patrimonio, adquiriendo varias fincas urbanas y la famosa hacienda de " San Rafael de Tequisiquiapam", cercana a la congregación de los Dolores ( Dolores Hidalgo, Gto.) quedando como albacea su hijo el Pbro. y Lic. Don Félix de Berver y Vargas y Acosta, cura Domiciliado del Obispado de Michoacán , que a su vez Constituyó el famoso Mayorazgo en la Villa de San Miguel el Grande el 7 de Junio de 1732 el cual dice:
"Yo, Lic. Don Félix de Berver y Vargas , Pbro., originario de esta Villa de San Miguel el Grande ,de la Nueva España, digo: que por cuanto tengo y poseo por mias propias dos casas en la plaza pública, de esta villa, las unas altas, cuyo sitio tiene doce varas de frente y treinta y una de fondo, que lindan por el oriente, con dicha plaza pública, donde mira dicho frente, por el poniente, con casas de Don Francisco de Vargas, mi hermano, por el norte con las de los herederos de Nicolás de Solís y por el sur , con casas de Juan Serrano, que la hube y adquirí, en virtud de sección y traspaso, que de ellas me hizo, la dicha mi madre Doña Antonia Muñoz de Acosta, en cuanto de lo que me tocare y debiera percibir de herencia y legitima materna, por escritura en esta villa, del 30 de Diciembre de 1715.
Y estando como estoy en quieta y pacífica posesión de dichas casas y deseando que estas se mantengan, conserven y que permanezcan siempre en mis hermanos, parientes y consanguíneos , sucediéndose los unos a los otros, para su habitación y morada por los días de su vida etc. etc.
Finalmente es condición que todos los sucesores en dichas casas y cada uno en su tiempo han de seguir y ponerse mi apellido de Berver y Vargas, usando de él y firmándose en todas las escrituras, cartas, contratos y demás actos judiciales, etc, etc.
Herederos: Br. Don Juan y Don Ignacio de Berver y Vargas y por Don Francisco, difunto, su hijo Don Joseph de Berver y Vargas, y añado al Vínculo de las casas la hacienda de san Rafael de Tequisquiapam."
En 1801, Don Manuel Nicolás de Berver y Vargas, actual poseedor de dichas propiedades solicita licencia para poder vender las fincas, ya que necesitaba recursos , pero no le fue concedida hasta 1807, donde Don Manuel Nicolás , vende la hacienda a Don Antonio Cayetano Ramírez, dando fin al Mayorazgo establecido durante 75 años.
Después vino la guerra de independencia, la reforma , etc. y se fueron desmembrando varias ramas de este linaje radicando independientemente de San Miguel el grande, hacia Santa Rosa de Jáuregui, Qro., y Silao, Gto., viviendo en la actualidad en esas ciudades asi como : Irapuato, y León del estado de Guanajuato; en Guadalupe Zacatecas, la ciudad de México y algunos en los Estados Unidos de Norte América..
ESTUDIO GENEALÓGICO
I.-Don Joseph de Berver y Vargas, nacido hacia 1618, se casó el 17 de Mayo de 1644, en el sagrario metropolitano de la ciudad de México con Doña Juana de Miranda y fue su hijo entre otros:
Doña Isabel de Berver y Vargas y Miranda, baut. el 25 de Julio de 1648, en el sagrario metropolitano de la ciudad de México, y se casó con Don Joseph Padilla y Barahona y Estrada , el 23 de Diciembre de 1679
Don Joseph de Berver y Vargas y Miranda, baut. el 14 de Diciembre de 1650 en el sagrario en México y su hermano:
II.-Don Juan de Berver y Vargas y Miranda, baut. el 10 de Febrero de 1652 en el sagrario de la ciudad de México, y se casó el 18 de Octubre de 1678 en el sagrario de la ciudad de México , con Doña María de Sierra y fue su hijo entre otros:
III.-Don Antonio de Berver y Vargas y Sierra, nacido en México, por 1680 y se casó por 1708 en la villa de San Miguel el Grande con Doña Antonia de Acosta y Muñoz, orig. de esta Villa y fueron sus hijos todos nacidos en San Miguel :
Pbro. Don Félix de Berver y Vargas y Acosta, nacido por 1716, quien efectuó el Mayorazgo en escritura Pública el 7 de Junio de 1732 en la villa de San Miguel el Grande
Don Francisco de Berver y Vargas y Acosta, nace por 1718 , muerto en 1732 y fue su hijo Don Joseph de Berver y Vargas que se casó con Doña Juana Gertrudis García el 27 de Mayo de 1754 en la hoy parroquia de Dolores Hidalgo, Gto., y a la vez fue su hijo:
Don Joseph María de Berver y Vargas y Garcia , que se casó el 14 de Enero de 1813 en Dolores Hidalgo, Gto. con Doña Rafaela Elizondo, con sucesión
Pbro. Don Juan de Berver y Vargas y Acosta , nació por 1720
IV.-Don Ignacio de Berver y Vargas y Acosta, nació por 1722 y se casó con Doña Felipa Marmolejo, originaria de la villa de San Felipe, y fueron sus hijos:
Don Joseph María de Berver y Vargas y Marmolejo, casado con Doña María Catalina de Rincón y Mafra , y
V.-Don Manuel Nicolás de Berver y Vargas y Marmolejo, nacido por 1745 casado en san Miguel con Doña Ana María Josefa del Rincón y Mafra y fueron sus hijos :
Don Ignacio de Jesús de Verver y Vargas y Rincón, baut. el 23 de Febrero de 1772 en Dolores Hidalgo, Gto.
Don Joseph Guillermo de Verver y Vargas y Rincón, baut. eñ 27 de Febrero de 1776 en Dolores Hidalgo, Gto. y
VI.-Don Joseph María Cecilio de Verver y Vargas y Rincón, nació por 1780, baut. en Dolores Hidalgo, y se casó con Doña Maria Josefa Elizondo y fueron sus hijos:
Don José Juan Nepomuceno de Verver y Vargas y Elizondo, baut. el 4 de Septiembre de 1810 en Dolores Hidalgo, Gto. y se casó el 27 de Junio de 1849 con Doña María Joaquina Sánchez, en Santa Rosa de Jáuregui, Qro., y fue su hija entre otros:
Doña Maria Vita de Verver y Vargas y Sánchez y
VII.-Don Loreto Lucas de Verver y Vargas y Elizondo, nace por 1802, y se casa por 1823 con su prima Doña Maria Antonia de Verver y Vargas y fue su hijo entre otros:
VIII.-Don Fernando Petronilo de Verver y Vargas y Verver y Vargas, baut. el 1 de Junio de 1824 en San Miguel de Allende, casado con Doña María Alamilla y Cuevas y fue su hijo entre otros:
IX.-Don Luis de Verver y Vargas y Alamilla, nace por 1850 en San Miguel , y se casó por 1878 con Doña Aurelia González, y fue su hijo entre otros:
X.-Don Jesús de Verver y Vargas y González, nació el 15 de Julio de 1885 en San Miguel, y se casó por 1906 con Doña Maria del Carmen Romo López, hija legítima de Don Sebastián Romo y de Doña Jovita López, don Jesús murió el 28 de diciembre de 1962 y fue su hijo entre otros:
Don Heladio de Verver y Vargas y Romo, casado con Herlinda Ramírez, fueron sus hijos varias mujeres y un varón el ilustre Médico Don Heladio de Verver y Vargas y Ramírez, residentes en Guadalupe, Zacatecas.
Doña Dolores de Verver y Vargas y Romo, casada con Ismael Padilla
Don Alonso de Verver y Vargas y Romo, Pbro.
Don Carlos de Verver y Vargas y Romo, casado con Aurora Cortina , residentes en Irapuato, Gto.
XI.-Don Luis de Verver y Vargas y Romo, nació el 22 de Febrero de 1910 en San Miguel de Allende, Gto. radicando varios años en Silao, Gto. y se casó con Doña Margarita Macias y Macias, hija legítima de Don Alberto Macias y de Hoyos, nacido el 7 de agosto de 1864 en Marfil, Gto. y de Doña Guadalupe Macias y Fernández, originaria de Irapuato, Gto., y fueron sus hijos nacidos en Silao de la Victoria, Gto. :
Doña Maria Guadalupe de Verver y Vargas y Macias, casada con Leopoldo Pérez Guerra, y fueron sus hijos: Margarita, Michel y Leopoldo Pérez y Verver y Vargas
Don Luis de Verver y Vargas y Macias, que sigue.
Lic. Don Jesús de Verver y Vargas y Macias, casado con Mará Teresa Funes y Escurria, orig. de Gto. y fueron sus hijos :
Luis Carlos e Itzia Verver y Vargas y Funes, radican en México D.F.
Doña Maria Margarita de Verver y Vargas y Macias, se caso con el Arq. Enrique Velasco, y fueron sus hijos:
Enrique y Luz Liliana Velasco y Verver y Vargas
Doña Blanca Martha de Verver y Vargas y Macias, casada con Salvador Rodríguez Orozco, y fueron sus hijas:
Xóchitl y Heminia Rodríguez y Verver y Vargas
Don Arturo de Verver y Vargas y Macias, se casa con María de los Ángeles Muñoz, orig. de Gto., y fueron sus hijos:
Zenaida, Ruth Ariadna, Luz María, Rebeca y Pueblito, Gto. de Verver y Vargas y muñoz
XII.-C.P. Don Luis de Verver y Vargas y Macias, nació en Silao de la Victoria, Gto. el 17 de Octubre de 1937 y se casó en León, Gto. con Doña Maria Teresa Martínez y Arbaiza , hija legítima de Don Alfonso Martínez Bessonart y de Doña Teresa Arbaiza, y fueron sus hijos nacidos todos en la industrial Ciudad de León de los Aldamas , Gto.:
XIII.-Luis Alfonso de Vervr y Vargas y Martínez, soltero
Héctor Mauricio de Verver y Vargas y Martínez, casado con Georgina Hernández y son sus hijos : Mauricio y Luis Oscar de Verver y Vargas y Hernández
Sandra Elizabeth de Verver y Vargas y Martínez, casada con Daniel Jiménez
Verónica Ivette de Verver y Vargas y Martínez, casada con Alejandro Winder, su hijo: Alejandro Winder y Verver y Vargas
Ana María de Verver y Vargas y Martínez, su hijo Damián
Jesús Luis de Verver y Vargas y Martínez, soltero.
Notas:
Fichas Genealógicas de Berver y Vargas , estado de Guanajuato , México, D.F. y Querétaro
Libro : Mayorazgos de la Nueva España, de lic. Guillermo Fernández de Recas México, 1965
Información verbal del C.P. Luis Verver y Vargas Macias
Informes y archivo de Notaria Parroquial de San Miguel de Allende, y Dolores Hidalgo,Gto.
CARIBBEAN/CUBA
Cuban Send Money to Relatives
Personas ilustres de apellido Grijalba o Grijalva Arecibo, Toa Alta and Viega Baja, Puerto Rico
By Andres Oppenheimer, Miami Herald, 5-16-02 aoppenheimer@herald.com
A new poll by Bendixen and Associates found that 48 percent of Cuban exiles are sending money to their relatives in Cuba. According to estimates of the Inter-American Development Bank and other organizations, such money transfers pump anywhere from $600 to $950 million a year into the
Cuban economy, and have become one of the island's top income sources.
Sent by Zeke Hernandez zekeher@juno.com
Personas ilustres de apellido Grijalba o Grijalva Juanm@grijalvo.com
http://www.grijalvo.com/articulos/ybf_Grijalvo_Grijalva_Grijalba_y_Grijalbo.htm
(Tomado de la página de Angel Terceño, con algunas glosas mías)
Según Fray Serafín Gómez el apellido Grijalba es originario de este pueblo y hace siglos se extendieron por Palencia, Segovia y la Rioja.
En 1330, el Rey Alfonso XI hizo caballero de la Bada a Pedro García de Grijalba, en Burgos.
En el siglo XVI Fernando Grijalba acompañó a Hernán Cortés a Méjico y posteriormente descubrió California.
El más importante es, sin duda, Juan de Grijalva :
Juan Grijalvo Moreno, de Palenzuela, y Pilar Rodríguez Cabezudo, de Baltanás
Sent by Eddie Grijalva, Grijalvaet1@cs.com
Arecibo, Toa Alta and Viega Baja, Puerto Rico
For all those seeking genealogical information for the Puerto Rican towns of Arecibo, Toa Alta and Vega Baja, there are three books available with gathered material of ALL entries into the following publications. Each of the books contain indexes, which have been tediously added for the baptized or married, mothers, fathers, godmothers and godfathers, and/or witnesses, slaves and slave owners, etc.
Testimonio Legal de las Partidas de los que se han Casado en esta Santa Iglesia Parroquial de San Phelipe del Arecivo: Parte I (14 julio 1708 - 16 febrero 1734 - I Libro Original de Matrimonio)
Los Libros más Antiguos de la Parroquia del Señor San Fernando y Santa Bárbara de la Ribera de la Thoa Arriba (Libro - 18 enero 1752 - 24 abril 1760 - de Bautismos de Pardos) (Libro - 12 diciembre 1759 - 18 diciembre 1762 - de Blancos)
Libro en que se extienden las Partidas de Matrimonio que se hazen en esta Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de la Vega Vaxa (22 abril 1805 - 14 septiembre 1839 - II Libro Matrimonios)
For more information write to: Dr. Ana Oquendo casadecoqui@yahoo.com or Pa. Jose Oquendo elpadre.geo@yahoo.com To purchase a copy send $30. + $5. to:
Dra. Ana Oquendo Pabón, Raices de Muertito Heaven, Inc.
4849 Queen Palm Terrace, NE St. Petersburg, FL 33730
Source: Nuestra Herencia, publication of the Hispanic Genealogical Society of New York
Excellent site for Puerto Rican research, http://www.hispanicgenealogy.com
email: raices@hispanicgenealogy.com
INTERNATIONAL
History Draws Hispanics to Islam
Four Hispanic Catholic Saints
USA, China & Taiwan Trade Mission to México Some Mexican Factories Leave For Asia
City of Osuna, Spain
The Portuguese of Tenerife
Extract from History Draws Hispanics to Islam, Mon Jun 17, 1:21, Hispanic online
by Deborah Kong, AP Minority Issues Writer
On July 5-7, the Islamic Society of North America is gathering Hispanic Muslims in suburban Chicago to study efforts to attract more Hispanics to Islam. In 1997, the American Muslim Council counted 40,000 Hispanic Muslims; current estimates range up to 60,000. Estimates of the total number of U.S. Muslims vary wildly, from about 1.8 million to 7 million.
Curiosity brought Benjamin Perez Mahomah of Oakland, Calif. to his first Nation of Islam meeting in 1957. He was the only Latino at the meetings of dozens, then hundreds, of blacks, he said. Now, he travels around the country lecturing Spanish-speaking audiences. "I saw there was a lot of knowledge in their teachings to black people. Their food was delicious. They were friendly. I liked it there and I stayed," he said.
Four Hispanic Catholic Saints
Vatican City, June 18, 2002 (Zenit.org).- Mexican and Guatemalan media greeted with enthusiasm the official confirmation of John Paul II's visit to both countries. The Holy Father will arrive in Guatemala on July 29. The next day, in the capital city's racecourse, he will canonize Brother Pedro de San José Betancurt (1626-1667), first Central American saint.
Born in the Spanish Canary Island of Tenerife, Brother Pedro became the apostle of the poor and protector of Indians, immigrants and orphans in Guatemala. He founded the Congregations of the Bethlemite Brothers and Sisters to continue the work of evangelization.
Following a 26-hour stay in Guatemala, the Pope will travel to Mexico City on July 30 in the afternoon. The next day, in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, he will canonize Juan Diego, the Indian visionary of the apparitions of the Blessed Virgin in 1531.
The program also lists the beatification of two other Indians, Juan Bautista and Jacinto de Los Angeles, fathers of families, who were martyred in 1700 in the state of Oaxaca.
The beatification will not take place during a Mass but in the context of a simple and brief Liturgy of the Word, in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
Sent by Bill Carmena JCarm1724@aol.com Source: Jimmy Hyland, ITS International Tours
USA, China & Taiwan Trade Mission to México City, State of Hidalgo July 1st to 6th
From July 1st to 10th 2002 a businessman delegation from USA, China, Taiwan and Japan will travel to Mexico City and the States of Hidalgo with extension to the States of Sinaloa to see the opportunities to invest in Mexico first hand, and also to promote the bi-lateral trade with each
others. This delegation will visits industrial sites and will have match making sessions with counterparts in Mexico. Source: latino-business-owner@yahoogroups.com
Some Mexican Factories Leave For Asia (Washington Post)
Mexican Workers Pay for Success, With Labor Costs Rising, Factories Depart for Asia
Extract from article by Mary Jordan, Washington Post Foreign Service, 6-20-02; Page A01
TIJUANA, Mexico All along the Mexican border with the United States, once-busy factories are closing. Since the end of 2000, tearful farewell parties have been held for 250,000 factory workers in Mexico. Some of the same jobs that left North Carolina textile plants and Ohio auto-parts assembly lines for Mexico in the 1980s are now moving to Asia. The reason is the same: cheaper labor.
More than 500 foreign-owned assembly-line factories in Mexico, called maquiladoras, have closed in the past two years, in part because wages have doubled in the past 10 years and are no longer considered low in the world economy. An entry-level factory worker in Tijuana earns $1.50 to $2 an hour, compared with 25 cents an hour in parts of China.
The mayor said a natural evolution is taking place: Over time workers do better, more difficult work and, therefore, earn more money. Now, rather than promoting Tijuana as a hub of cheap labor, Gonzalez said, the city is focusing on its location in the back yard of the United States.
"This is our new strategy, selling the Tijuana-San Diego region," he said.
Tijuana has a long history of reinventing itself to respond to economic changes. In the 1980s, the city took advantage of a pre-NAFTA free trade zone to create what many called the "perfume capital of the world." Companies imported perfumes from Europe, then took advantage of free trade benefits to sell them duty-free to large U.S. retailers.
When NAFTA provided tax-free incentives for maquiladoras, Tijuana substituted crates of electronics components for perfume bottles and became one of the world's leading television-set assembly sites. So many Sony, JVC, Panasonic and Hitachi sets are assembled here -- more than 15 million a year -- that some call the city "TVjuana."
Narrowing the salary gap between Mexico and the United States is a goal of the Mexican government. Most U.S. factory jobs pay six to 10 times more than similar jobs in Mexico. The Mexican government hopes that rising wages at home will eventually slow illegal immigration to the United States and keep more of the country's most ambitious and entrepreneurial workers at home.
Sent by Howard Shorr Howardshor@aol.com
City of Osuna, Spain http://www.ayto-osuna.org
Here is a site that may be of interest to all. Among other things. It has the history of the town and some photos as well as the heraldic of the city. Sent by Jorge Hernandez
The Portuguese of Tenerife by Bob Borges Borges29@aol.com
Brazil, Azores, Cape Verde, Madeira Islands, Hawaii, and the United States (California, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.) Much information is available concerning Portuguese immigration to these places. Information about Portuguese settlers in Tenerife, Canary Islands is scare. Many sources will not even mention Portuguese settlers in the 15th and 16th centuries. Usually the voyage of 1341 led by Niccoloso da Recco (Genoese) and Angiolino del Teggia dei Corbizzi (Florentine) made with the Portuguese are the only thing mentioned but few are the sources that mention Portuguese settlers.
After doing some research concerning the Canary Islands, I ran across some interesting information about the early settlements of the Canary Islands. it appears as if Tenerife received most of the Portuguese settlers in the Canaries, although "Gran Canaria and Gomera had some settlers as well.
In the book A Concise History of Portugal, the author David Birmingham puts it, ". . the Portuguese embarked on their own career of imperial expansion and settler colonization. Their firs successes were on the islands in the Atlantic. In the Canary Islands they had to enslave the indigenous Berbers before turn the conquerors into landowners to grow vines and sell canary wine. The scheme was successful and Tenerife in particular attracted many land-hungry immigrants, but after half a century of Portuguese activity the Canaries wee transferred to Castile in one of the many peace treaties that tried to abate intra-Iberian rivalry."
The following is from the book Protocolo de Juan Ruiz Berlanga 1507-1508
"La poblacion de Tenerife en estos anos inmediatos a la anexion de la Corona de Castilla es consecuencia del complejo proceso de poblacion del complejo proceso de poblacion y procede del reino castellano.
A su lado conviven los del reino catalano-aragones, los portugueses, genoveses (italianos) e indigena.
Ya se ha destacado en multitud de ocasones el papel atribuido a los portugueses en el desenvolimiento en las Islas Canarias fueron entonces el lugar mad apropiado y asequible para colocar el excedente poblacion de Portugal, es decir la tierra de promision para tratar de consiguir una mejor posicion o una posibilidad de obtener mejor rendimiento sea de la clase que fuere.
Algo analogo a lo ocurrido mas tarde con el descubrimiento de nuevas tierra, era todo una tentacin que no podia perderse.
Para el desarrollo de la industria azucarera eran imprescindibles los portugueses por us conocimiento y technica de oficios relacionados con este producto. La mayoria de los artesanos eran originarios del reino de Portugal.
The following names are from the following sources. Although there were more settlers, this list of Portuguese indicated were those active in selling, trading, carpentry, etc. in 16th century.
* Protocolos de Juan Ruiz de Berlanga 1507-1508
* Protocolos de Hernan Guerra 1508-1510
* Reformacin de Repartamiento (in this book references are usually made about portutgues people being granted land such as " . . . el valle de Guidmad e que a portugueses ha dado muchas tierras en especial al dicho Goncalianes. . .
* Note: some of these surnames were probably altered by the Spanish (ez) vs (es) suffix.
Alfonso, Diego
Alvarez, Diego
Alvarez, Pedro (labrador)
Alvarez, Luis
Baez de Tavilia, Gonzalo
Baez, Alfonso
Bejar, Gonzalo de (canaverero)
Blas, Pero
Castro, Fernando de
Dias, Goncalo
Estevenez, Alvaro
Estevenez, Bastian
Estevez, Pedro
Fernandez, Alvaro
Fernandez, Juan
Fernandes, Lope
Garcia, Gonzalo
Goes, Duarte de
Gonzalez, Alonso
Gonzalez, Esteban (espadero)
Gonzalez, Fernan
Gonzalez, Gonzalo
Goncales, Juan (fraguero)
Hernandez, Lope
Hernandez, Pero (carpintero)
Lopez, Alonso
Lopez, Diego
Lopez, Juan
Lopez, Pero
Lorenco, Salvador
Martin, Pero
Martines, Juan
Martinez, Anton
Martinez, Diego
Martinez, Pedro
Paez, Pedro
Paez, Alvaro
Paez, Juan
Perez, Blas
Perez, Juan
Rodriguez, Gil
Rodriguez, Gonzalo
Rodrigues, Jorge
Vaez, Pero
Yanes, Alfonso
Yanes, Beatriz
Yanes, Gonzalo
Yanes, Pedro (herrero)
SPAIN:
ASCENDANCY AND DECLINE
by
John P. Schmal
In order to understand the Spanish conquest of the Americas, it would help to study Spain and its diverse and turbulent history. The evolution of the Iberian Peninsula from a Roman province to a German kingdom, thence to an Islamic nation, and finally to the Spanish "nation-state," generated the special conditions which gave rise to Spain's era of conquest.
Spain is a land famous for bullfights and for more than 1,400 beautiful castles and palaces. Isolated from the rest of Europe by the snow-capped Pyrenees Mountains, Spain's physical geography has given rise to Spain's own unique role in history. Spain has an area of 297,975 square miles and covers about four-fifths of the Iberian Peninsula which just out in the Atlantic Ocean.
Many kinds of people have conquered and lived in Spain, each group contributing to its traditions and customs. Three thousand years ago, the ancient Phoenicians established colonies in the land now called España. Cádiz, believed to be the oldest city in Europe, was founded in 1130 B.C. Starting in 480 B.C., the Carthaginians of Africa conquered and ruled over much of Spain as a colony. During the Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.), the Romans drove the Carthaginians out of Spain. Roman legions eventually conquered the whole area (which they called Hispania) and stationed garrisons throughout the peninsula. Hispania became the first overseas empire of the Roman Empire.
Although great Roman cities were developed and many Romans made the Iberian Peninsula their home, the natives of Hispania were rebellious and became a continuing source of trouble to the Romans. The Romans respected the Spaniards "at the least amenable of native races," and referred to them "as hard fighters, regardless of pain, and faithful to their leaders and their independence unto death."
The German Kingdom
In the following centuries, as Rome's power declined, fierce German ribes swept into Spain. Sometime around 400 A.D., three powerful German tribes crossed the northern mountain passes. Two of these tribes, the Suevi from Germany and the Alans from southern Russia, conquered and settled Galicia and Portugal. In the meantime, King Gunderic led his Vandals down into central and southern Spain. The Vandals named their southerly kingdom Vandalusia, and this area is still called Andalusia today.
Starting in 414, the German chiefdom Theodoric led a powerful invasion of Spain. His tribe, the Visigoths, had spent the previous two centuries wandering from Scandinavia to the Black Sea, then westward into the Roman Empire. By the Fourth Century, they had been converted to Christianity and even possessed the Bible in their own tongue. At first allies of the Romans, they conquered the Alans and drove the Vandals across the Straits to North Africa in 429. In the meantime, they confined the Suevians to Galicia in the northwestern corner of the peninsula. In 456, the Visigoths renounced their alliance with the Romans and commenced with their own occupation of the peninsula. The western portion of the Roman Empire itself crumbled quickly and disintegrated in 476.
By 573, the Visigoths had conquered the entire peninsula. However, the kingdom began to founder and was overwhelmed by a new threat: the Moors of Africa. In 711, an Arab leaders, with a force of 12,000, landed on the promontory that still bears his named (Gebel-al-Tarik, Gibraltar), and advanced to meet Roderic, the Visigoth King. The Arabs were victorious and further victories in the next year cost Roderic his life and led, within seven years, to the total collapse of the Visigoth kingdom. Thus, Spain next become a Moslem country, except for the tiny northern Visigoth kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Galicia, Leon, Murcia, and Navarre, all of which remained Christian.
The Islamic Interlude
The Moslems who ruled over most of Spain for the next eight centuries were numerically inferior to the conquered race and chose to be tolerant toward their subjects. Christians who submitted, known as Mozárabes (would-be Arabs), were allowed to retain their lands, their language, their laws, and their religion.
The Moslem Moors, who were more culturally advanced than most of the people of feudal Europe, developed a powerful Islamic civilization, unified initially, but later fragmented into smaller, warring kingdom. The Moors introduced an efficient irrigation system that is still used to today. The Moorish arch was introduced into Spanish architecture, and great Moorish cities were built at Cordoba, Toledo, and Valencia.
The Basques.
Of all Spain's provinces, the most culturally-unique group are the Basques, who still occupy the three Basque provinces and Navarre (as well as parts of southwestern France).
The Basques, whose culture is believed to be thousands of years old, have guarded their ancient customs, traditions, and languages, even though they have played prominent roles in Spanish and American history.
The Basques successfully resisted Romanization for two centuries and only then submitted to nominal occupation. Although they were converted to the Roman Catholic religion, they managed to fend off the Visigoth Kingdom but eventually acquiesced to Emperor Charlemagne of the Holy Roman Empire.
While the Basque Duchy of Gascony flourished in France, the Spanish Basque kingdom of Navarre was founded in 824 at Pamplona. Under King Sancho III (1000-1035), all of the Basque people were united. But, in 1512, Navarre was conquered by King Ferdinand, ending all Basque autonomy in the Iberian Peninsula. As subjects of the Spanish kingdom, the Basques have flourished, serving as shepherds, sailors, fisherman, miners, and metalworkers.
The Reconquest.
Starting with the defeat of the Muslims at the Battle of Covadonga in 718, the small Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula joined together in fighting the Moors. During the next four centuries, the Christian Reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula was, at best, erratic as the small kingdoms became embroiled in dynastic and territorial squabbles with one another.
By 1276, the Moorish kingdom in the peninsula consisted only of the southern state of Granada. Castile and Aragon became the two most powerful kingdoms in Spain. In 1469, Prince Ferdinand of Aragon married Queen Isabella of Castile. After the death of Ferdinand's father, the King of Aragon, in 1479, Castile and Aragon were united as a single Christian kingdom. In time, the other smaller kingdoms in the peninsula would be brought into the union.
However, even today, Span is not an integrated country, but a confederation of regions, many of which have a desire for autonomy. The sense of national identity has always been weak. For many centuries, the peninsula was called the Spains and was composed of separate and distinct realms: Aragon, Leon, Asturias, Catalonia, Valencia, Navarre, and Castile. However, all Spaniards were united in their resentment and defiance towards the Moorish occupiers. The determination of Ferdinand and Isabella to make Spain a wholly Catholic country led to the Spanish Inquisition in 1489. The Inquisition hunted down and imprisoned persons who were suspected of not believing Roman Catholic doctrine. Jews and Moslems were treated most harshly. The Jews who did not convert were driven out of Spain, and in 1492, Spanish troops defeated the Moors at Granada, evicting the Moslems entirely from the peninsula.
The Era of Conquest.
The liberation of the Iberian Peninsula leads us to a new era in Spanish history. The author Clifford A. Hauberg writes that "politically, Spain was possibly the best equipped of the budding European nations to acquire and control a colonial empire. For approximately six centuries it had been occupied with the expulsion of the non-Christian Moslems (La Reconquista)."
"During this period," explains Mr. Hauberg, Spain " had built up the machinery to conquer, control, and exploit. This process resulted in the territorial unification of Spain as well as the development of an absolute form of government, culminating in the strong Machiavellian rule of Ferdinand and Isabella.
Starting with the voyage of Cristobal Colón (Christopher Columbus) in 1492, Spanish explorers set off to find new horizons in the west. In half a century, Spaniards gathered together an extensive empire in a large part of the Western Hemisphere. But their ascendancy was not lasting. In 1588, King Philip II launched his great Spanish Armada in an attempt to bring England, Spain's great foe, to her knees. Wild storms and English guns wiped out a large part of the Armada. Of 131 ships and 25,000 men, 66 ships and 15,000 men never returned.
From this point, Spanish economic, political and military power declined steadily, weakened by war, revolts, religious persecutions, excessive taxation of industry, internal dissension, bankruptcy, and free-spending monarchs.
The deadliest blow took place in March 1808, when 100,000 French troops invaded Spain under the pretence of protecting the country's coastline from British invasion (during the Napoleonic Wars). Emperor Napoleon I quickly defeated the Spanish on the battlefield and entered Madrid in triumph.
However, defeat on the battlefield did not translate into political occupation. The Spanish people, true to their tradition of defiance towards invaders, resisted the French occupation bitterly and carried on a very effective guerrilla warfare. In spite of the 300,000 French troops standing on Spanish soil, their guerrilla tactics never left the conquerors secure in their position. By 1813, the French troops were driven from Spain, and in the following year, King Ferdinand VII was restored to his throne.
However, the French occupation sowed the seeds of destruction for the Spanish empire. During the Napoleonic interlude, many of the Creole colonial elites in the Spanish colonies in the Americas, tired of excessive taxation and severe restrictions on trade, made bids for both political and economic autonomy. These acts of resistance soon evolved into full-fledged wars of liberation.
By 1810, Mexico, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Colombia, and Venezuela had all revolted, depriving the mother country of her chief source of income. Upon his restoration, King Ferdinand attempted to rebuild his authority and started to re-conquer some of the rebellious colonies. But the wave of independence movements in the Western Hemisphere was gaining momentum and, by 1820, had swept the entire Spanish Americas into rebellion and civil wars that would not end until Spain had lost its last continental possession.
Venezuela and Colombia gained independence in 1819, followed by Mexico in 1821. By 1826, Central and South America had disintegrated into eight free and independent states, shrinking Spain's once extensive and rich American empire in the New World to Cuba and Puerto Rico. In 1898, these two colonial possessions would also be liberated.
Sources:
William C. Atkinson, A Brief History (London: Methuen & Co., Ltd., 1934).
Clifford A. Hauberg, Puerto Rico and the Puerto Ricans (New York: Twayne Publishrs, Inc., 1974).
Edwin Williamson, The Penguin History of Latin America (New York: Penguin Books, 1992).
SOME PATRIOTS OF NEW SPAIN DURING SPAIN’S 1779-83 WAR WITH ENGLAND – DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Researched and Contributed by Granville W. and N. C. Hough
References: Magdeleno, Ricardo, Catalogo XXII del Archivo de Simancas,
Secretaria de Guerra (Siglo XVIII), Hojas de Servicios de America, Valladolid, 1958;
and Legajo 7277, LDS microfilm roll 1156340.
In searching for the defenders of Veracruz during Spain’s 1779-83 War with England, we found names of many soldiers who had served there plus other who were veterans of the battles for Mobile, Pensacola, New Providence (Bahamas), Gibraltar, and Minorca, or were at Guarico
(staging area for invasion of Jamaica on Sainte Domingue), Cadiz, or Havana. Of course, we found names of a few more who served in Central America and others who served in Nueva España wherever needed. We have included all those we could read though some were well known from previous research.
José María Abate (1740 Cadíz, Spain - ), Lt in 1780, Capt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, married Legajo 7277:I:22.
Juan Abercromby, Lt in 1780, Capt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:19.
José Aguilar (1750 Mexico City - ), Soldier in Aug 1783, Sgt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:61.
Pedro de Alberni (1748 Cataluña - ), Capt in 1782, Capt, Grad Lt Col, 1st Comp, Volunteers of Cataluña, Monterey, CA, 1801, Legajo 7277:VIII:19 and XI:15.
Conde de Alcaraz (1751 Malaga, Andalucia - ), Lt Col in 1782, Col and Brigadier, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, Legajo 7277:I:17.
Gregorio Almaraz (1770 Monterrey, Mexico - ), total service 19 years, Soldier in 1781, Sgt, Cav Comp. at Punta de Lampazos, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:X:30. (It is possible the age listed is incorrect or misread.)
Domingo Alonso, 1st Sgt in 1782, Prov. Militia of Puebla y Tlaxcala, Lt, Inf of Puebla at Havana, 1800, Legajo 7277:VI:34.
Pedro de Alonso, SubLt of Grenadiers in 1780, served at Mobile and Pensacola, Lt Col, Corona Regt of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:17.
Juan Felipe de Alva, Cadet in 1780 in the garrison of the ship San Pedro when he was captured and imprisoned at Charleston, SC, Capt, Corona Regt of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single.
Pedro de Alva (1764 Xalapa - ), Cadet in 1780 in Dragoons of Asturias, 1st SubLt, Cav Comp at Punta de Lampazos, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:9(10):23-48.
Nicolas Alvarez Montero, service from 1741, retired SubLt in 1778, back on duty in 1788, (former) Lt of Dragoons at Presidio Carmen, 1800, Legajo 7277:VIII:36.
Felipe Andrade (1767 Veracruz - ), Cadet in Feb 1783, Lt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:37.
José Andrade (1763 Veracruz - ), SubLt for the Viceroy in 1781, Capt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:I:30.
Raymundo Andrés, Capt in 1780 in Aragon Regt, Lt Col, grad Col, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:18.
José Anton, 2nd Sgt in 1780, Lt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:46.
Benito Astudillo (1764 Veracruz - ), Distinguished Soldier in Veracruz Artillery in 1780, Lt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:35.
Francisco Ayende, Soldier in July, 1780, Sgt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:???
José María de Barberena (1760 Horcasitas, Sonora - ), Soldier in 1779, 2d SubLt, 1st Comp. of Volante, Nuevo Santander, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:IX:3 and 29.
Gerardo Barrera, Soldier in 1781, served at Havana, New Providence, and Guarico in 1782, 1st Sgt, Corona Regt of New Spain, 1800, at San Carlos de Perote, single, Legajo 7277:III:68.
José Basarte (1758 Puebla de los Angeles, Mexico - ), SubLt in 1779, Capt, Dragoones of Spain at Puebla, 1800, Legajo 7277:I:29.
??Manuel Benicia, service record began in 1787 as Capt, Sgt Major, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, married, Legajo 7277:V:18. (It is possible he bought his commission, or he may have had prior service.)
Mariano Bervuecos (1749 Ciudad Puebla - ), Sgt in 1780, Sgt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:???
José Berzaval, Cadet in 1780, SubLt in 1781, Inf of Granada, Adjutant Major, Inf of Puebla in Havana in 1800, Legajo 7277:VI:31.
José Blanco, Cadet in 1782, Capt, 2nd Comp. Volante, Nuevo Santander, 1800, Legajo 7277:IV:47.
Antonio Bonilla (1735 Cadiz, Spain - ), service began in 1756, Lt Col in Feb 1783, Brigadier in Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, Legajo 7277:II:16.
Liborio Borobia/Borobia, Soldier and Cpl, 1776 to 1788, Regts Aragon and Zamora, in wartime Cadiz and Havana operations, SubLt, Inf of Mexico in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:62.
Manuel Buentiempo (1761 Toledo, Spain - ), 2nd Sgt, 1782, SubLt, Veterans of San Blas in 1781, Legajo 7277:VIII:47.
Manuel Bujanas (1750 Ciudad Cholula - ), Sgt in 1782, 1st SubLt, 1st Comp. Volante, Nuevo Santander, 1800.
Francisco Calero (1759 Andalucia - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1777-1789, Aragon and Mexico Regts, 1st Sgt, Inf of Puebla in Havana, 1800, Legajo 7277:VI:59.
Lazaro Calbo/Calvo (1758 Andalucia - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1775-96, Regts Zamora and others, served at Gibraltar, 1st Sgt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:V:66.
Francisco de Campo (1755 Merida, Yucatan - ), SubLt in 1781, Distinguished in 1783, Adjutant Major, Presidio Carmen, 1800, Legajo 7277:VIII:30.
Miguel de Campo (1761 Presidio del Carmen - ), Distinguished Soldier in 1779, Cadet in 1781, SubLt in Dragoons, Presidio Carmen, 1800, Legajo 7277:VIII:37.
Miguel de Campo (1753 Uldicona, Cataluña - ), Lt in 1781, Capt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:I:27.
Francisco Camuñez (Ceuta - ), Cadet, 1770-1787, Garrison of Ceuta and Cav. Lanzas, Lt Grenadiers, Inf of Puebla at Havana in 1800, Legajo 7277:VI:33.
Manuel Canals, 2nd Sgt in 1781, 1st Sgt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:69.
José Cardoso, 1st Sgt Grenadiers in Asturias Inf in 1780, Lt, Grenadiers, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:32.
Antonio Casas, Soldier and Cpl, 1778-88, Regts Aragon and Zamora, in Pensacola operation, 1st Sgt Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:VIII:37.
Francisco de las Casas, SubLt in 1781, Capt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:30.
Juan de Castañeda Quevedo (1764 Castilla la Vieja - ), 2d SubLt, 3rd Comp Volante, 1781, 2d Lt, Cav Comp Punta de Lampazos, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:IX:21-47.
?? Pedro Cavallero, formerly of Presidio Carmen, retired as an Invalid, 1800, Legajo 7277:???
Antonio Cayre (Piamonte - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1775-90 in Regts Hibernia and Flandes, SubLt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:56.
Conde de Colonbiny, service began Jan 1783 in Guardia de Corps, Capt Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:26.
Joaquin Julian de Cos (1763 Veracruz - ), Portaguion in 1782, Adjutant Major, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:II:33.
José de Cos (1752 Veracruz - ), Lt in 1781, Capt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, married, Legajo 7277:V:23.
Juan de Dios de Cos (1761 Veracruz - ), Cadet in 1780 in Veracruz Lanzeras, Lt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:II:30.
Ildefonso Dias (1750 Ciudad Puebla - ), Sgt in 1780, Lt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:38.
Josef Ramon Diaz de Bustamante (1757 la Hacienda dela Ramada - ), Capt in 1779, Dragoons Province of San Carlos, Capt, 1800, 3rd Comp. Volante, Nuevo Santandander, single, Legajo 7277:IX:12 and 38.
Manuel Dovalina (1753 San Luís Potosí - ), Soldier in 1782, Sgt, 3rd Comp Volante, Nuevo Santander, 1800, Legajo 7277:IX:17 and 43.
Guillermo Dupaix (1750 Salm, Flanders - ), Guardia de Corps, 1767-1784, Capt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:22.
Ambrosio Echeverria (Veracruz - ), Cadet, Dee 1782 Regt Asturias, Lt, Corona Regt of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, sinble, Legajo 7277:III:34.
Miguel José de Emparon (1759 Azpoitia - ), Lt of Frigate in 1780, Lt Col Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:20.
Antonio Espejo, Soldier in 1779 in Aragon Regt, served at Pensacola, SubLt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:57.
Francisco Espinosa, 2d Sgt in 1782 in Zamora Regt, Lt Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:40.
José Espinosa, Soldier, Jul 1783, 1st Sgt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:68.
Rafael Esquibel (1762 Mexico - ), Soldier in 1780, SubLt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:53.
Juan Estor, SubLt in 1780, Corona Regt of New Spain, Lt, Inf of New Spain in Veracruz in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:37.
Pedro Fabregos, Lt, Grenadiers in 1781, Capt in 1782, Capt, Grenadiers, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:21.
Antonio Fajardo (1756 Galicia - ), SubLt in 1779 and Lt, 1780 with Comp Islas, San Juan de Ulua, Capt, Inf of Puebla in 1800 at Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:24.
Francisco Fernandez (1762 Hermisende - ), Soldier in 1779, Cav. of Calatraba, SubLt, Dragoons of Mexico in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:44.
José Fernandez, 1st Sgt, 1778-85, Lt Grenadiers, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:35.
José Ferraras, Soldier and Cpl, 1770-85, Regt Saboya and Corona, served at Veracruz, Havana, and Guarico, 1st Sgt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:???
Pedro Ferron, 1st Sgt in 1781 in Zamora Regt, Adjutant Major, Inf of Mexico in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:???
Manuel José de Figueroa (1751 - ), 2d Cpl in 1779, 1st Cpl in 1781, 1st Sgt, 1800, Presidio Carmen, Legajo 7277:VIII:33.
José Font y Bermudes (1756 Coruña - ), Lt in 1778, wartime service at Veracruz, Lt and Capt, Grad, 1st Comp, Volunteers of Cataluña, Monterey, CA, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:VIII:20.
José Galindo, Soldier and Cpl, 1776-88, Aragon Regt, served at Pensacola, SubLt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, Legajo 7277:V:60.
Bernardo Gallegos (1735 Canary Islands - ), Lt Corona Inf Regt, 1769, Capt in 1780, served at New Providence and Havana in 1782, Capt, Brenadiers, Regt of Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote in 1800, widower, Legajo 7277:III:19.
Bernardo Gallegos, service as a minor Cadet in Jun 1783, Lt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:36.
José Gallegos, Cadet in 1781, at New Providence, Havana, and Guarico in 1782, Lt, Grenadiers Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:33.
Manuel Gallegos, Cadet in June 1783, Adjutant Major, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:35.
Narciso Gallegos, Cadet in 1779, at New Providence and Guarico in 1782, Capt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:29.
Manuel Galvan (1740 City of Monterrey, Mexico - ), Sgt in 1782, 1st SubLt, 3rd Comp Volante of Nuevo Santander, 1800, widower, Legajo 7277:IX:14-40.
José Gamiz (1751 - ), Lt Grenadiers in 1781, Lt Col, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, married, Legajo 7277:V:17.
Baltazar Garcia (1753 Presidio del Carmen - ), 1st Sgt, 1778-1800, Dragoons, Presidio Carmen, Legajo 7277:VIII:38.
Diego Garcia Conde (1761 Barcelona - ), Cadet, 1772-1783, Capt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:II:18.
Francisco Garcia Bringas (1763 Cantabria - ), Distinguished Soldier in 1781, Adjutant Major, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:34.
Pedro Garibay (1730 Navarra - ), Sgt Major, Lt Col, 1773-1783, Provincial Militias, Col and Brigadier, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, married, Legajo 7277:V:16.
Tomás Garito, Soldier and Cpl, 1778-1793, Regts Aragon and Zamora, wartime prisoner at Cerra in Barbados, 1st Sgt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:74.
Antonio Gaso, SubLt in 1780, Capt Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:???.
Juan José Gasso (1755 Veracruz - ), son of a Captain, Lt in 1780, Capt in Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote in 1800, married, Legajo 7277:???
José Gil, Adjutant Major, 1778-86, Capt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:II:20.
Manuel Gilavert/Gilabert, credit in 1787 for service of 12 years, 11 months, and 23 days, Lt Inf of Puebla at Havana in 1800, Legajo 7277:VI:38.
Manuel Isidoro Gomez, Cadet in Militia in 1782, SubLt in Militia in Aug 1783, Lt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:42.
Pedro Gongora, Soldier and Cpl, 1771-1785, at Guarico in 1782, SubLt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:54.
Manuel Gracia (1741 Zaragoza - ), Capt grad, 1778-1789, Provincial Inf of Tlaxcala, Capt Grenadiers, grad Lt Col, Inf Regt of Puebla at Havana in 1800, Legajo 7277:VI:17.
Bartolomé Guilloto (1763 Andalucia - ), 1st Cpl Veteran in 1780, 1st Sgt Fusiliers, 1782, Inf Province Cordova, SubLt, Inf of Puebla at Havana in 1800, Legajo 7277:VI:42.
Andrés Gundin, Soldier and Cpl, 1776-1795, Regt Asturias and others, 1st Sgt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:75.
Francisco Gutierrez Sabogal, SubLt in 1782, Capt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:31.
Antonio Hernández (1740 City of Almeria - ), Adjutant Major in 1780, Capt and Lt Col, Vets of San Blas, 1801.
Francisco Hernández (1762 - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1778-1789, Regt Cav Borbon, in Blockade of Gibraltar, SubLt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:43.
José Herrera (1753 Zeuta - ), Lt, 1778-93, Lt, Grad Capt, Vets of San Blas, 1801, single, Legajo 7277:VIII:45.
Simon de Herrera Leiba (1754 Tenerife, Canary Islands - ), Lt in 1780, Lt Col, Governor of Nuevo León and Comandante, Provincial Militias, and Capt, Punto de Lampazos Cav, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:IX:19-45.
Juan de Huete (1736 Provencio, la Mancha - ), Lt, Grenadiers, 1779, Capt, grad Lt Col, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:I:23.
Nicolas Iberri, Lt in 1780, Capt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:21.
Agustín de Islas (1762 Horcasitas, Sonora - ), Cadet in 1780, SubLt, 2d Comp Vols of Cataluña, 1801, Fuerte de Perote, single, Legajo 7277:VIII:25.
Francisco Izquierdo (1759 Castillo la Reyna - ), Cpl in 1779, SubLt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, Legajo 7277:I:45.
Manuel Izquierdo, Soldier and Cpl, 1775-1789 in Immemorial and Louisiana Regts, 1st Sgt Grenadiers, Regt Corona of New Spain, San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:65.
Vicente Jaure, Soldier and Cpl, 1776-93, Regt Aragon and others, served at Pensacola, 1st Sgt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:70.
Baltasar Juarez (1743 Puebla Sanabria, Spain - ), Lt in 1780, Capt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:24.
Andrés Kiss (Cataluña - ), Soldier and Distinguished Cpl, 1771-1783, served at Gibraltar, Cadiz, and Pensacola, Lt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:37.
José Lafuente (1765 Mexico City - ), Cadet in 1780, Dragoons of Spain, Lt, 3rd Comp. Volante, Nuevo Santander, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:IX:13-39.
Antonio Larragoiti (1767 Madrid - ), Cadet in 1780, Lt Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:37.
Juan Larragoiti (1770 Madrid - ), son of Captain, Cadet in 1782 at Ceuta, SubLt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:55.
José María Lencasara (1761 Veracruz - ), SubLt in 1781, Capt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:???
Felipe Llanes, 2nd Sgt, Grenadiers in 1780, Capt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:???
Juan Lopez (1762 Ciudad Jaen, Spain - ), Soldier in 1779 in Cav. Algarve Regt, in Cav. Gibraltar Grenadiers 1781-82, Sgt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:69.
Eugenio Lucas (1754 Castilla la Vieja - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1776-1788, in Gibraltar Blocade, then Expedition to America, 1781, SubLt, Inf of Puebla at Havana, 1800, Legajo 7277:VI:49.
Diego Madrid (1760 Extramadura - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1776-87, Extremadura, was in Gibraltar Blockade, then American Expedition, then went to Lima after the peace, SubLt, Inf of Puebla 1800 at Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:52.
Agustín Malavér (1761 Merida, Yucatan - ), Soldier, Dragoons of Mexico in 1782, 1st Sgt, 2d Comp. Volunteers of Cataluña, 1801, Fuerte de Perote, widower, Legajo 7277:VIII:27.
Juan Maroto, Soldier and Cpl, 1776-1797, Inf Zamora and others, served at Gibraltar and Pensacola, 1st Sgt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:76.
Gabriel Martínez (1764 Malaga - ), in Guardia de Corps, Jan 1783, Lt Grenadiers, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:I:33.
Agustín Bernardo de Medina, Capt, 1776-1785, Comandante and Lt Col, Presidio Carmen, 1798, 1800, Legajo 7275:VII:13, and 7277:???
Joaquin Medina, SubLt, Militia, 1782, Lt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:???.
Ignacio Millan (1759 Mexico - ), Soldier 1774-1784, Sgt Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, Legajo 7277:I:60.
José Mendivil (Veracruz - ), Cadet in Jul 1783, Adjutant Major, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:38.
Antonio Meneses (1763 Anteguera - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1778-1790, Regt Aragon and others, served at Pensacola, 1st Sgt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, married, Legajo 7277:V:67.
José Mijangos, Soldier in 1781, at Guarico in 1782, 1st Sgt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:70.
Mariano Miranda (1753 Mexico - ), SubLt for the Viceroy, 1780, Lt Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:31.
Casimiro Montero (before 1745 Cadiz, Spain - ), service began 1762, Capt, 1770-1790, Lt Col, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:17.
José Moral, Soldier and Cpl, 1776-86, served at Guarico in 1782, SubLt Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:49.
Ignacio Moreno, SubLt of Militia, 1782, Lt Grenadiers, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:35.
José Moreno, Soldier, Granada Regt, 1779, 1st Sgt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:65.
Millan Moreno, Soldier and Cpl, 1776-1782 in Aragon and Zamora Regts, in Cadiz, Havana, and Pensacola operations, SubLt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:59.
Cornelio Muños (1751 Ciudad Puebla - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1771-84, Sgt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, Legajo 7277:II:59.
Francisco Muñoz Estepa, SubLt, 1781, at Gibraltar, at Cadiz and Guarico in 1782, Capt, Regt Corona of New Spain, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:24.
José Muñoz (1738 Zarago - ), Capt in 1781, Lt Col, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:I:18.
Miguel Muños (1759 Mexico City - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1777-86, Sgt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:60.
Pedro Muñoz (1771 Veracruz - ), son of Colonel, minor Cadet in 1782, Lt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:40.
Felix Navamuel (1754 Palencia - ), Guardia de Corps in 1780, Adjutant Major, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:32.
Domingo Ocampo, Cadet in May 1783, SubLt Grenadiers, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:V:47.
Ramon de Oromi (1746 Cataluña - ), Lt, 1777-1785, Capt, Grenadiers, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, widower, Legajo 7277:III:20.
Diego Oroz (1737 - ), Adjutant Major for the Viceroy, 1781, Capt Grenadiers, grad Lt Col, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:21.
Joaquin Ortigoza (1758 Zaragoza - ), Soldier in 1779 in Aragon Regt, served in Havana and Pensacola operations, 1st Sgt Inf of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:IV:65.
Miguel Ortiz, Soldier and Cpl, 1776-1782, 2nd Sgt Jul 1782, served at Gibraltar in 1781, then at Cadiz and Guarico in 1782, in Saboya Regt to 1780, Zamora after 1780, SubLt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:51.
Ramon Ortuño, Soldier in May 1783, Sgt Dragoons of Mexico in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:70.
Pedro Ossorio (1753 Tortosa - ), in Guardia de Corps in 1782, Capt, Inf Puebla in 1800 in Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:25.
Juan José Palacios (1756 Rancho Aguacates - ), Soldier in 1782, Sgt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, widower, Legajo 7277:II:69.
Ramon Parada, Cadet, Jan 1780, SubLt, Mar 1780, Capt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:VII:12.
Domingo Patiño (1762 New Spain - ), credit for service from Feb 1783, Michoacan Militia 1779-83 at half credit, 1st Sgt, Inf of Puebla in 1800 in Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:66.
Francisco Perez (1764 Havana - ), served 8 Mar 1780 at Mobile, 17 Oct 1780 Pensacola operation, SubLt, 1790, Lt, Inf of Puebla at Havana in 1800, Legajo 7277:VI:37.
Isidoro Perez de Acal, former Lt Col, 1799, at Presidio Carmen, Legajo 7275:VII:51 and 7277:???
José Perez (1759 Andalucia - ), Soldier and Cpl, 1776-88, Inf del Rey, at Pensacola in 1781 and Guarico, 1783, 1st Sgt Inf of Puebla 1800, Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:58.
José Peres Villarreal (1756 Mexico - ), Cpl in 1782, SubLt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, Legajo 7277:I:44.
Juan Perez (1762 Lupion - ), Soldier, Cav of Calatrava, 1782, Sgt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, widower, Legajo 7277:II:65.
Gerónimo Piedra Cardena (1764 Veracruz - ), Cadet in 1780, Adjutant Major, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:36.
Francisco Pliego (1770 Tepexe dela Seda - ), Cadet in 1781 at San Juan de Ulua, Lt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, widower, Legajo 7277:I:68.
José Polo, Soldier and Cpl, 1776-89, in Havana and Guarico operations, SubLt of Bandera, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:64.
Manuel Priego, Soldier in Provincial Militia, 1780, 1st Sgt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:75.
Patricio Prieto (Galicia - ), 1st Sgt, 1780 at San Juan de Ulua, Lt, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:41.
Agustín Ramirez (1758 Andalucia - ), SubLt in 1779 in Inf of America, served at Gibraltar and Menorca operations, Capt of Grenadiers in Inf of Puebla in 1800 at Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:18.
Pedro Ramirez (1760 Villa Punta de Lampazos - ), Soldier in 1781, Sgt, Cav Comp, Punta de Lampazos, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:IX:25-51.
Juan Ignacio Ramon (1756 Villa Punta de Lampazos - ), Sgt in 1779, Presidio San Antonio Babia, Lt and Comandante for Villa Punta de Lampazos in 1800, married, Legajo 7277:IX:20-40.
Juan Rendon, Portaguion in 1781, Lt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:II:29.
Feliz del Rey (1765 - ), Cadet, Garrison of Guatemala, Feb 1783, Capt, Inf of Puebla in 1800 at Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:26.
Manuel Rivas (1744 Veracruz - ), Sgt, 1776-84, Lt Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:39.
José Rivera (1739 Oaxaca - ), Sgt, 1767-86, Lt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:???
Mariano del Rivero (1761 Mexico City - ), Cadet in 1780, Portaguion in 1781, Lt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:31.
Manuel Rocha (1767 Orizaua - ), minor Cadet in 1781, Lt Dragoons of Spain at Puebla in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:38.
Antonio Rodriguez (1767 Villa del Prado Arrob’do - ), Soldier, Apr 1783 in Numancia Regt, SubLt, Dragoons of Spain, Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:54.
Francisco Rodriguez (1741 Cordova, Andalucia - ), Adjutant Major for the Viceroy, 1781, Sgt Major Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:???
Roberto Rollin (1744 France - ), 1st Sgt Grenadiers in Hibernia Regt, 1781, Sgt Major, grad Lt Col, Inf of Puebla in 1800 at Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:16.
Manuel de Rojas, Lt in 1779, Provincial Militia of Mexico, Lt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:28.
Mariano Romero (Valladolid, New Spain - ), SubLt Militias of Valladolid, 1782, 1st Sgt, Regt Corona, New Spain, at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:69.
Joaquin Romo, Lt in 1780, Capt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:24.
Gregora de la Rosa/ Larrosa, Lt in 1780, Dragoons of Numancia, Capt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:24.
Pedro Ruiz (1763 Andalucia - ), Soldier, 1782 Cav. del Infante, 1st Sgt, Inf Puebla in 1800 at Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:65.
Pio María Ruiz, Soldier in 1780 in Oaxaca Militia, SubLt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:56.
Manuel Julián Saenz, 2d Sgt in 1780, Lt Grenadiers, Regt Corona of New Spain in 1800 at San Carlos de Perote, single, Legajo 7277:III:32.
??Francisco Salcedo, Capt grad in 1794, prior record not shown, Capt Regt Corona of New Spain, San Carlos de Perote, 1800, Legajo 7277:III:25.
Ignacio Salceda (1767 Paztguaro - ), Cadet, Provinciales of Michoacan in 1780, Lt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:41.
Nemesio Salcedo, Sgt Major in 1780, Col and Brigadier, Regt Corona of New Spain in 1800 at San Carlos de Perote, Legajo 7275:III:7 and 7277:???
Antonio Sánchez (1740 Punta de Lampazos - ), Soldier, 1775-85, Sgt, 3rd Comp Volante, Nuevo Santander, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:XIII:1.
??? Juan Sánchez Traviezo (1753 Mexico - ), credit for service from 1788, Capt, Inf of New Spain in 1800 at Veracruz, married, Legajo 7277:V:27. It is possible this person bought his commission and had no wartime service.
Juan Santana (1739 Exija, Andalucia - ), Lt in 1780, Capt, Dragoons of Mexico in 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:25.
Melchor de Seguera, Lt in 1780, served at New Providence and Havana in 1782, Capt, Regt Corona of New Spain, 1800, at San Carlos de Perote, single, Legajo 7277:???
Juan Serrano, 2nd Sgt, 1781, Lt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:44.
Vicente Serrano, Soldier and Cpl, 1776-1786 in Regts Aragon and Zamora, served at Cadiz, Havana, and Pensacola, SubLt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:54.
Andrés Solana (1746 Pueblo Tisimi, Yucatan - ), Lt, 1781, Capt Inf, Presidio Carmen, 1800, Legajo 7277:VIII:31.
Eusebio Solana (1750 Pueblo Tisimi, Yucatan - ), SubLt in 1781, Adjutant of Militias, Presidio Carmen, 1800, Legajo 7277:VIII:40.
Juan Solis, Soldier, Aragon Regt, 1779, SubLt, Inf of New Spain in 1800 at Veracruz, single, Legajo 7277:V:55.
Juan Sorbantes/Servantes (1757 Vera - ), Soldier in 1780, Cav. del Infante, Sgt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:???
Juan María de Soto, Capt in 1779, Sgt Major, Regt Corona of New Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:???
Manuel dela Sotarriba, Cadet, Feb 1780, SubLt, May 1780, served at Havana and New Providence in 1782, Capt, Regt Corona of New Spain in 1800 at San Carlos de Perote, single, Legajo 7277:III:27.
Simon Suarez (1751 Navarro - ), 1st Sgt, 1781, Valladolid Militias, SubLt, 1st Comp, Volunteers of Cataluña, 1801, Monterey, CA, single, Legajo 7277:VIII:21.
Mateo Talamantes (1743 Presidio Bejar, Texas - ), Sgt, Jan 1783, Sgt, 3rd Comp Volante of Nuevo Santander, at Laredo, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:IX:15-41.
Joaquin Tico (1756 Cataluña - ), Soldier in 1781, 1st Sgt, 1st Comp, Volunteers of Cataluña, Monterey, CA, 1801, married, Legajo 7277:VIII:22.
José Antonio Tijerina (1751 Nuevo León - ), Cpl in 1781, Sgt, 1st Comp Volante, Nuevo Santander, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:30.
Juan José Tineo, SubLt of Grenadiers, 1780, Capt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:23.
Miguel Torres, Soldier in 1780 serving in Granada, Veracruz, Havana, and Guarico through 1783, 1st Sgt Grenadiers, Inf of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:IV:65.
José Narciso Traspuesto (1763 Mexico, Soldier in 1781, Sgt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:71.
Pablo Trujillo y Alvellaneda (1744 Ceuta - ), Lt, Militias of Mexico, 1777 to 1789, Lt Grad, Inf of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7279:IX:49 and 7277:???
Pedro Ullate, Cadet, 1780, Corona Regt, Lt, Grenadiers, Inf of New Spain, 1800, Veracruz, single, Legajo 7277:V:36.
Ignacio Ullate (1754 Puebla de los Angeles, Mexico - ), Lt in 1779, Capt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:25.
Juan Vallego, 1st Sgt, Distinguished, in Oaxaca Militias, 1780, Lt, Inf of New Spain, 1800, Veracruz, single, Legajo 7277:V:38.
Pedro Vargas/Bargas (1751 Sevilla - ), Lt, Provincial Militias of Mexico, 1777-91, Capt, Inf of New Spain at Veracruz in 1800, married, Legajo 7277:V:24.
Diego Verzaval (1767 Oaxaca - ), Cadet in Granada Regt, 1782, Adjutant, Inf of New Spain, 1800, Veracruz, married, Legajo 7277:V:34.
Francisco Viana (1750 Malaga - ), Lt, 1778-1792, Capt Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:I:26.
Francisco Xavier de Villalva (1739 San Sebastian, Vizcaya - ), Lt Col Grad in 1781, Sgt Major, in 1782, Brigadier, Inf of Mexico, 1800, Legajo 7277:IV:17.
Joaquin María de Villalva, Salio of minor age in Havana with Guadalajara Regt, 1780, Capt, Regt Corona of new Spain at San Carlos de Perote, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:III:28.
Antonio Villamil (1750 Cueta - ), SubLt, Militia of Cueta, 1768-1783, Capt, grad Lt Col, Inf of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:IV:19.
José Villarreal, Cadet in 1781, Lt Inf of Puebla in 1800 at Havana, Legajo 7277:VI:32.
Juan Antonio de Viruega (1751 Cuetas - ), Lt, 1777-1790, Inf of Mexico Provinciales, Capt, 2d Comp Volunteers of Cataluña, 1801, Fuerte de Perote, Legajo 7277:VIII:24.
Andrés Vivas, Soldier and Cpl, 1772-1786, in Mobile and Pensacola operations, Lt, Regt Corona of New Spain, 1800, at San Carlos de Perote, single, Legajo 7277:III:43.
Matias de Zafra, Lt in 1779, Capt, Dragoons of Mexico, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:II:21.
Gregorio Zapata (1742 Villa de Orgas, Tierra de Toledo - ), SubLt for the Viceroy, 1780, Capt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:I:28.
Manuel Zevallas (1746 Merida, Yucatan - ), Lt in 1779, Capt, Inf of Mexico, 1800, married, Legajo 7277:???
Manuel Zorilla (1756 Mexico - ), Cadet in 1780, Lt, Dragoons of Spain at Puebla, 1800, single, Legajo 7277:I:35.
Granville W. Hough may be contacted at gwhough@earthlink.net for questions or comments.
HISTORY
Income Tax Records of the Civil War Years Making of America
Income Tax Records of the Civil War Years by Cynthia G. Fox
http://www.nara.gov/publications/prologue/fox.html
The Civil War income tax records are not only a valuable source of information for biographical, genealogical, and local history research but should also be considered when conducting regional and area studies of business and industry or quantitative studies of demographics during the 1860s. They can be used in conjunction with census records, later tax records, and state and local records to document the growth of industries, shifting patterns of wealth, migration patterns, and even the incidence of women in the work force. Sent by Johanna de Soto
Making of America (MOA) is a digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction. The collection is particularly strong in the subject areas of education, psychology, American history, sociology, religion, and science and technology. The collection currently contains approximately 8,500 books and 50,000 journal articles with 19th century imprints. The project represents a major collaborative endeavor in preservation and electronic access to historical texts.
The Making of America collection is made up of images of the pages in the books and journals. When you find something you want to look at, you will see a scanned image of the actual pages of the 19th century volume. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has been performed on the images to enhance searching and accessing the texts -- for more on the OCR process see About MOA.
Making of America is growing and changing. Over five thousand new titles have been added, bringing Making of America to over two and a half million pages online. For a short time, the journals and books will be divided into two separate collections; you will not be able to search both at once.
Sent by Johanna de Soto
MISCELLANEOUS
Creating a Digital Family History
Hard to find books
A Family Glossary Diccionario Heraldico y Genealogico de Appellidos Españoles y Americanos
Creating a Digital Family History
http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,405009643,00.html
Loretta Shupe is the first to tell you she's no computer genius, though her husband, Jon, and son
Jefferson are both programmers. Still, with help from them, she has created a digital family history
of her parents' lives. The CD-ROM has a photograph of her parents, Hollis and Florence Smith, on the label. The content includes more than 1,000 photographs accessible through easy pop-up menus, along with video clips and more. All this started as a family effort, but has lead to the development of a program which will be marketed to assist others in the task of producing a Family Clan CD. Sent by Gloria Oliver
Hard to find books, try: http://www.alibris.com/ http://www.bookfinder.com/
A Family Glossary compiled and share by Ed Flores Orbenz@aol.com
An In-Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ancestor of distant relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brother-in-law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cousin (female) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cousin (male) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Daughter-in-law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Father-in-law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First cousin (female) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First cousin (male) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goddaughter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Godson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grandaunt or great-aunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granddaughter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grandfather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grandmother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grandson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granduncle or great-uncle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great-granddaughter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great-grandfather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Great-grandmother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great-grandson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great-great-granddaughter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great-great-grandfather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great-great-grandmother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great-great-grandson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great-nephew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great-niece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Half-blood brother (one common parent) . . . . . .
Half-blood sister (one common parent). . . . . . . .
Mother-in-law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nephew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sister-in-law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Son-in-law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step grandfather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step grandmother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step Father . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step Daughter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pariente Politico
Tataraduedo
Cuñado
Prina
Primo
Nuera
Suegro
Prima carnal or hermana
Primo carnal or hermano
Ahijada
Ahijado
Tia Abuela
Nieta
Abuelo
Abuela
Nieto
Tio Abuelo
Viznieta
Bisabuelo
Bisabuela
Viznieto
Tataranieta
Tatarabuelo
Tatarabuela
Tataranieto
Sobrino Nieto
Sobrina Nieta
Medio Hermano, Hermanastro
Media Hermana, Hermanastra
Suegra
Sobrino
Sobrina
Cuñada
Abuelastro
Abuelastra
Padrasto
Hijastra
Diccionario Heraldico y Genealogico de Appellidos Españoles y Americanos
The 88 volumes of the Diccionario Heraldico y Genealogico de Appellidos Españoles y Americanos, library of congress call number CR2142.G3 contains some 15,000 Hispanic surnames with a history of the surname, coat of arms, plus a bibliography for further research.
Originally begun in 1919, its publishing history continued until 1963 when the last volume encompassing the letter "u" was published as a tribute to her late husband by Margarita Prendes Carraffa. In 1952, a reprinting of the earlier volumes began. The alphabet covered by the work goes from "a" through "u".
The structure of the work provides an index in each volume. As the work progressed, supplemental names were added, breaking the alphabetical continuum. Without perusing all the volumes one could never be sure that an article may have been missed. This present automated index, compiles all the names mentioned in the respective indices and allows a comprehensive search of all volumes at one time. One need only enter -- without accents -- the respective surname (whether it be a compound surname or not) and press "Submit."
This is a gold mine. Visit the library of congress online and perform a search of the index.
http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/geneal/index_gc.html
The following are helpful comments and responses made by receivers of the information that George Gause distributed on the Diccionario Heraldico y Genealogico de Appellidos Españoles y Americanos.
Sent by George Gause ggause@panam.edu
A set of the 88 volumes is part of the collection at the Corpus Christi Public Library, 805 Comanche, Corpus Christi, Texas. The collection was donated by Dr. Clotilde P. Garcia, founder of SAGA. Should you be in Corpus Christi, visit the library - 2nd floor - Local History Department and ask at the reference desk for a specific volume. The books are not on the shelves, but anyone can ask for them. Sent by Mira Smithwick / SagaCorpus@aol.com
Thought I would share with you about the Diccionario Heraldico: After receiving your email I did three searches: (1) Gonzalez de Paredes, (2)Bedolla, (3) Ancira. I did not get a single positive return. At least surnames (1) and (3) are important for the history of Coahuila-Tejas, Nuevo
Leon and Nuevo Santander. So...I do not doubt your good will, which keeps me informed of so much stuff, but I wonder how the diccionario was put together.
Gracias por todo! Miguel Bedolla Bedollin@aol.com
I did only one search. My search was for de los Santos, Santos, and Santoscoy...and did not have any luck either. I figured Santos would bring back some results...but not a one.......
Mercedes mmarquesa1@yahoo.com
Dora Dora Guerra of San Antonio shared that the San Antonio Public Library also holds this
multi- volume set of books.
I searched the index with five (5) of my ancestral names that I know are from Spain and got returns in 4 of them....Names I submitted and results were:
Marichalar-Yes Trillo-Yes Olascoaga-Yes Zuloaga-No Canal-Yes.
Johnny Marichalar Sanchez.... johnnysanchez@compuserve.com
A few reminders (I know everyone knows all this) but to explain why some names are present in the heraldic dictionary and some are not.
1) Typically, dictionaries of this sort research registered coats of arms. That means, a person was at one time provided a coat of arms designed just for his or her use or for the use by a single heir. If no one who shares your family name ever received a coat of arms, they will not be in such a dictionary.
2) The term "family" coat of arms applies to direct descendents of the original bearer. Even then, only one person may legally own and display such a coat of arms.
3) You can get your own coat of arms designed.
Here is a leaflet from the Society of Genealogists on "The Right to Arms": http://www.sog.org.uk/leaflets/arms.html
This website explains about the history and (legal) use of coat of arms:
http://home.att.net/~Alsosa/spanishh.htm
Here is the website for the Spanish Ministry of Justice, responsible for the Chronista Rey de Armas. These are the folks who create and record the registered coats of arms for Spain. There are different organizations for different countries. (I don't read Spanish very well. Perhaps someone could locate the exact page): http://www.mju.es/
Marissa Martinez marissam@mit.edu
I have found a Hispanic Genealogy Forum hosted by Delphi.com where you can ask the hosts to look up the specific page and type it up for you and post it. For instance, I found Ochoa, Padilla, Gaona, Robles, Morales, Torres, Cervantes, Galindo, Sanchez, Falcon, Gonzales, Hernandez, Vega, Alegria, Garza, Almarez, Alvarado, Ames, Bañuelos, Colon, Dominguez, Gallardo, Gutiérrez, Lopez, Martinez, Medrano, Parra, Rodriguez, and Rodarte - all names that can be found in my extended family tree.
I was not able to find Zamora, Mix, Moroyoqui, Oyervides, Siller/Ciller, or the Feliz/Felis surnames. Not too bad a hit, I think.. : ) I will get back to you with the URL of the genealogy forum. These guys have access to books in Spanish on more names not found in the diccionario, also. I
believe they reside in Spain.
Danielle Brown dtxn@yahoo.com
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